1 / 17

HIV AND TB

HIV AND TB. Tuberculosis. Caused by bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis Usually attacks lungs, but can attack any part of the body, such as kidney, spine, brain Can be fatal if not treated. Transmission. Through the air: person to person (coughing, sneezing, singing)

rodd
Download Presentation

HIV AND TB

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. HIV AND TB

  2. Tuberculosis • Caused by bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis • Usually attacks lungs, but can attack any part of the body, such as kidney, spine, brain • Can be fatal if not treated

  3. Transmission • Through the air: person to person (coughing, sneezing, singing) • People nearby inhale bacteria and become infected But not through: • Shaking hands • Sharing food or drink • Bed linens or toilet seats • Sharing toothbrushes • Kissing

  4. 2 TB-related Conditions • Latent TB infection (LTBI) • TB Disease

  5. Latent TB Infection • TB bacteria lives in body but doesn’t make person sick • No symptoms • Positive reaction to tuberculin skin test or special TB blood test • Not infectious • If bacteria becomes active, person WILL become sick w/TB disease

  6. TB Disease • TB Bacteria are active (multiplying in body) • People w/bacteria may spread it to any people they spend time with • Some can have disease soon after becoming infected (within weeks) before immune system can fight the TB bacteria • Others get sick years later, when immune system becomes weak for other reasons • Risk is higher for those w/weak immune systems (i.e., HIV)

  7. Comparison Between Latent Infection and TB Disease

  8. Comparison Between Latent Infection and TB Disease

  9. Treatment • For Latent TB Infection • Though no TB disease, to prevent development of TB disease in the future, often prescribed treatment. • Less bacteria present, so treatment relatively easy • INH (isoniazid) • Preferred regiment of 9 months • Children and people w/HIV may need to take INH for longer

  10. Treatment • For TB Disease • Large amount of bacteria present • Several drugs can be used, for 6-12 months • Drugs must be taken exactly as prescribed • Must finish course of treatment or germs that are still alive may become resistant to the drugs • TB that is resistant to drugs is harder and more expensive to treat

  11. Testing & Diagnosis • TB Blood Tests • aka Interferon-Gamma release assays or IGRAs • Measures how the immune system reacts to the bacteria that causes TB • Only 1 visit required • Results in 24-48 hrs • Mantoux tuberculin skin test • Small amount of tuberculin injected into skin in lower part of the arm • Must return w/in 48-72 hrs to have health care provider observe reaction on arm

  12. Who Should Get Tested • Have spent time w/person known or suspected to have active TB disease • Have HIV or other problem w/weakened immune system • Have symptoms of active TB disease • From a country where active TB disease is common (Latin America, Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, Russia) • Live in areas where active TB disease is more common---homeless shelters, migrant farm camp, prison or jail, some nursing homes • Inject illegal drugs

  13. TB and HIV Co-infection • TB is one of leading causes of death among people infected w/HIV • HIV and TB can work together to shorten the life of an infected person • A person w/untreated latent TB infection and HIV is much more likely to develop active TB disease than someone w/out HIV • Among those w/latent TB infection, HIV infection is the strongest known risk factor for progressing to active TB disease • Can be effectively treated

  14. LINK between STDs and HIV • Individuals infected with STDs are 2-5 Xs more likely than uninfected individuals to acquire HIV infection if they are exposed to the virus through sexual contact • If an HIV-infected person is also infected w/another STD, that person is more likely to transmit HIV through sexual contact than another HIV-infected person The presence of other STDs increases the likelihood of both transmitting and acquiring HIV

  15. Link between STDs and HIV • Increased Susceptibility • Increased Infectiousness

  16. STD Treatment slows the spread of HIV • STD treatment reduced an individual’s ability to transmit HIV • Herpes can make people more susceptible to HIV infection, and make HIV-infected people more infectious

  17. Implications for HIV Prevention • Early detection and treatment of curable STDs should become a major, explicit component of comprehensive HIV prevention programs at national, state, and local levels; • In areas where STDs that facilitate HIV transmission are prevalent, screening and treatment programs should be expanded; • HIV testing should always be recommended for individuals who are diagnosed with or suspected to have an STD. • HIV and STD prevention programs in the United States, together with private and public sector partners, should take joint responsibility for implementing these strategies.

More Related