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A gentle introduction to

Learn the basics of Linux command line interface, including Unix components, terminal commands, file system management, and directory navigation. Gain knowledge on file concepts, permissions, and using various tools like text editors and file managers.

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A gentle introduction to

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  1. A gentle introduction to LINUX at the command prompt

  2. UNIX components • Kernel: the managing processes • file system: the file management processes • Shell: command-line interpreter • Korn, Bourne, Bash and C shells • Characteristics • multiuser • multitask, multithread • concurrency • built-in networking (NFS) • 32/64 - bit OS • X-Windows and UNIX • mwm (Motif) • olwm (Open Look) • Linux: XFree86 Overview

  3. You need to open a terminal • System prompts • Korn, Bash and Bourne Shells: $ • C Shell: % (root #) • Linux: uses the bash shell • Commands • login, logout • news, passwd, cal, who, finger, talk • man (basic help) • to interrupt Ctrl-C • cat, more • pico (text editor in Linux) Some basics

  4. File concepts • filenames: up to 14 digits, one word including _ and . • e.g.: test_program and sales.report.1 • case sensitive bold is not BOLD • types: ordinary, directories, special devices and links • pathnames: /home/abento/select.html • common names: usr, users, bin, etc • full and relative • Basic file commands in UNIX • How to obtain a directory listing: ls and ls -al • How to create, remove, change to, and present working directory. • mkdir , rmdir , cd , pwd. • How to copy, move, delete, type. • Use cp , mv , rm -i , cat File and directory basics

  5. total 3043 size in blocks (4k) of the directory permis links Owner Group size date time fname -rwxr-xr-x 1 abento faculty 95 Aug 2 14:13 UBmail* -rw------- 1 abento faculty 4294 Mar 2 1995 Wp60 lrwxr-xr-x 1 root sys 42 Aug 3 09:11 SoftWindows -rwx------ 1 abento faculty 32802 Oct 16 17:56 Xdefaults.swin* drwx--x--x 3 abento faculty 512 Aug 21 12:20 ais.dir/ drwxr-xr-x 2 abento faculty 512 Aug 3 09:11 axhome/ drwxr-xr-x 3 abento faculty 512 Sep 18 14:54 dumpster/ -rwx--x--x 1 abento faculty 1179748 Aug 23 14:00 hcl95.hlp* -rw------- 1 abento faculty 312652 Jun 21 16:05 lviewp1b.zip drwx------ 2 abento faculty 512 Aug 3 09:11 mail/ -rw------- 1 abento faculty 957 Jun 16 17:00 osref.books drwxr--r-- 8 abento faculty 512 Aug 3 09:11 pub/ drwx------ 9 abento faculty 512 Aug 3 09:11 root/ -rw------- 1 abento faculty 2162 Oct 18 17:09 select.html Reading the DIR output File type: - ordinary, d directory, l symbolic link, b block, c special character, p piped. Permissions: r read, w write, x execute (O, G,W)

  6. File system: open the file manager icon • explore the file hierarchy • see usr, users, bin, x11, etc • Copy, move, delete, etc • Creating and renaming directories • Learning to use help • Commands in the toolbar • Cutting and pasting • Using Kedit, Netscape and WP First glance at X-Windows

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