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Ending the war in Vietnam

Ending the war in Vietnam. 1969- 75. The Key Steps. Vietnamization 1969 - 75 Paris Peace Talks 1968- 73 The impact of détente Ceasefire and Peace. Point 1- What is meant by Vietnamisation?. South Vietnamese would take over all aspects of the war- ‘ putting its own house in order’

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Ending the war in Vietnam

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  1. Ending the war in Vietnam 1969- 75

  2. The Key Steps • Vietnamization 1969 - 75 • Paris Peace Talks 1968- 73 • The impact of détente • Ceasefire and Peace

  3. Point 1- What is meant by Vietnamisation? • South Vietnamese would take over all aspects of the war- ‘putting its own house in order’ • Began in 1969 when Nixon ordered the withdrawal of 25,000 troops from Vietnam • US would still supply weapons, arms and equipment • Further troops would be withdrawn as and when ARVN forces could replace them • April 1970- a further 150,000 US troops withdrawn • By 1971 400,000 troops had been withdrawn. Only 140,000 remained

  4. Nixon’s motives for Vietnamisation • Change in policy motivated by political concerns- Nixon’s chances of re- election in 1972 • Public Opinion- University campus protests- e.g. Kent State University, Ohio 1970 • Influence of Nixon’s Secretary of State- Henry Kissinger • Nixon realised that creating a democracy in South Vietnam was not going to happen

  5. ‘Military men are just dumb stupid animals to be used as pawns in foreign policy’ ‘Realpolitik’

  6. Point 2 The Paris Peace Talks • Three groups at the conference ( USA, NV, SV)- also outside interest from China and USSR • USA wanted South Vietnam to ‘determine its own destiny without foreign interference’ • North Vietnamese- wanted US troops out. Return to the Geneva agreement. Reunification without US interference • Talks lasted for five years

  7. Point3 - What was Détente? • The negotiations must be set in the context of the ‘thaw’ in Cold War relations between East and West at this time • Impact of Nixon’s visit to China in May 1970- improved relations with one of the NVA’s patrons • Nixon made the most of divisions between the USSR and China to try and negotiate a ceasefire in Vietnam

  8. Point 4- Ceasefire and Peace • January 1973- Ceasefire agreement • Withdrawal of all US troops • Foreign forces to leave Cambodia and Laos • NV to recognise the SV govt • Elections to reunite S and N Vietnam to be held • US prisoners of war to be returned by NV

  9. Tasks • What was the impact of Vietnamisation? (see pages 50-52) Make sure you know what ‘fragging’ is • What happened in Vietnam between 1973- 1975 (pages 54-57)

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