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PIV applications

PIV applications. Presentation of a select range of PIV applications. Historic review of measurements then and now. Aerospace. Aircraft model aerodynamics Wing design (drag & lift) Trailing vortices Helicopter rotor design Super sonic flows Gas turbine fuel injection & cooling

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PIV applications

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  1. PIV applications • Presentation of a select range of PIV applications. • Historic review of measurements then and now.

  2. Aerospace • Aircraft model aerodynamics • Wing design (drag & lift) • Trailing vortices • Helicopter rotor design • Super sonic flows • Gas turbine fuel injection & cooling • Flight cabin ventilation • Validation of CFD models # 33356

  3. Automotive • Car body aerodynamics • Air flows in passenger compartments • Engine compartment flows • Engine combustion

  4. Bio-medical and bio-technology • Artificial hearts • Hart-valve function • Blood flows • Medicine inhalers • Micro fluidics Flow in biological valve, Prof. Roberto Zenit UNAM, Mexico City

  5. Combustion Diagnostics • Fuel injection • Air/fuel mixing • Combustion efficiency • Cooling efficiency • Rocket engineering • Flame research

  6. Earth science & environmental protection • Sedimentation & particle transport • Wave dynamics • Mass transport

  7. Fundamental fluid dynamics research • Turbulence research • Boundary layers • Fluid-structure interactions • Vortex evolution • Heat transfer studies • Super sonic flows • CFD code validation

  8. Hydraulics & hydrodynamics • Ship hull design (hydrodynamics) • Propulsion efficiency • Pipe & channel flows • Flows in pumps • Cavitation prevention (propellers) • Cooling performance

  9. Mixing processes • Research in mixing processes • Flow in industrial mixers • Micro mixers

  10. Process and chemical engineering • Cyclone separators • Heat exchangers • Liquid metal flows (moulds)

  11. Data presentation from select applications

  12. Ø30 air jet stimulated by a loud speaker Velocity: ~2.7 m/s Lens: 60mm/#F2.8 S=500mm(Distance between light sheet and lens) 2-3µm oil droplet seeding Field of view:82x103 mm at 1024x1280 pixel Stimulated air jet Fan Grid Jet Loud speaker

  13. Jet flow without stimulation • RMS of the v- velocity component Strongreflection • Vorticity based on 250 Hz PIV

  14. Flow with 45 Hz stimulation

  15. RMS v - flow with45 Hz stimulation RMS V - velocity component • RMS v - flow without stimulation

  16. PIV testing at HSVA Towing tank, Germany Camera Laser PIV system Rudder

  17. HSVA Towing tank measurementTracking the vortex from a rudder

  18. Travelling of the tip vortex

  19. PIV in towing tank moving with carriage

  20. The professional presentation makes it look simple

  21. PIV under a microscope Pump Waste Outlet Inlet Microfluidic device Flow + Tracing Particles Lamp Microscope Lens, High NA Optics for lamp / fiber l = 532 nm Filter cube Epi-fluorescent Prism Optical fiber l = 560 nm Ocular Beam splitter Relay lens Max ~5 mJ 12 bit Interline Cooled CCD Camera Nd: YAG Laser

  22. Top View 300 mm z x MeasurementArea Side View 30 mm y x Micro channel Experiments

  23. Micro channel Flow (x - z plane) Courtesy: Meinhart et. Al.

  24. Results at X63 measurement Measurement area

  25. Results at X63 measurement • Magnification X63 (X0.5) = X31.5 • Time between laser pulses 200 µs • Measurement volume 14 x 14 x 8 µm • Vectors spaced 3.4 µm

  26. Micro PIV mixing Time resolved

  27. Rotating disk experiment

  28. Some times a Cartesian grid does not suffice

  29. Some experiments makes you wonder

  30. Shadow Sizing Spray analysis Spatial distribution, cumulative histogram and table for data analysis

  31. Shadow Sizing of bubbly flow

  32. Flow-Structure interaction • Flow-Structure solid interaction has been research topic for many years. • Areas of application include: • Aero-elasticity • Bridge design • Building design • Micro air vehicle • Measurement of deformation of and flow behind a flexible winglet. • Flow Measured with TR-PIV • Deformation measured with Digital Image Correlation (DIC) • DIC is a optical technique for Time Resolved (TR-DIC) measurement of 3-D deformation and strain

  33. Flexible wing and it’s influence on flow • Optical measurements of real time Deformation of a Flexible Wing and the associated Flow behind a flexible wing. • The wing has one spare and 4 ribs over which is latex membrane is mounted with adhesive (5.7x3) • Curtsey Mr. Ryan Wallace and Prof. Mark Glauser of Syracuse University

  34. Wing layout and area of investigation Flow field measured by TR-PIV Temporal resolution on TR-DIC and TR-PIV measurements: 1 ms (1kHz) Image of full wing, placed in wind tunnel. Flow 14 m/s angle of attack 4 deg

  35. TR-DIC measurements on wing

  36. Point spectral information • Z-displacement spectral in formation from a point

  37. TR-PIV Flow measurements behind wing Flow field behind wing and associated spectrum

  38. Comparison of frequency contents between Structure and Flow

  39. A closer look at the PIV data from behind the flexible wing

  40. Flow measurements then and now • Today we take many things for granted • How have we advanced? • Let’s have a quick review

  41. PIV underwater measurements Maritime research, Propellers in towing tanks 1981 LDA underwater measurements

  42. Airborne studies Airborne LDA measurements 1977 Hotwire in-flight measurements at high altitude and speed Combustion in Micro-gravity with a PIV system onboard

  43. x/b=6.8 0.2 nm x/b=30.0 0.9 nm x/b=63.0 2.0 nm K. & C. Huenecke, Airbus Wingtip vortices, then and now Understanding tip vortices in details with PIV measurements in water 1962 CTA measurements in open air, waiting for the fly-by of the aircraft

  44. Flow Discharge Vectoring using a Miniature Fluidic Actuator mapped with PIV On the way to micro applications 1965 CTA in a “microfluidic” bi-stable fluid amplifier

  45. 30 µm deep wall 100 µm wide Microscopic PIV in a 30 x 100 µm wide channel with real human blood When it gets bloody ! 1970 CTA built into a hypodermic needle, used in patients to verify results after operation

  46. LIF measurement in an engine at different crank angles Thermodynamics in combustion 1956 The PV indicator revolutionized combustion understanding. Now, the thermodynamic work was online ! Modern day developments requires much more detail and advanced imaging Result: PV diagram for all crank angles

  47. We can see it - quantification of bubbles with advanced image processing 1967 Investigation of a hot film and bubble interaction Quantification of bubbles with shadow sizing techniques

  48. 1971: 5 mWatt laser 2001: 50 Watt laser & more information Jet flow still the same 30 years later ? 1971 First commercial LDAinvestigated by F. Durst and J. Whitelaw 2001 First commercial Time Resolved PIV system based on fast powerful Nd:Yag lasers

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