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Exploring Multidimensional Arrays in Computing

Learn the power of multidimensional arrays in computing through real-world examples and practical exercises in CMPE150 Introduction to Computing. Topics include 2D, 3D, and 4D arrays, with applications like classroom layouts, timetables, maps, and more.

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Exploring Multidimensional Arrays in Computing

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  1. Multidimensional Arrays

  2. Motivation • If the problem implies a physical context of several dimensions, a multidimensional array may be used. • Chairs in a classroom • Rooms on different floors of a building • Coordinates on a map • Coordinates in space • A timetable (hours versus days) CMPE150: Introduction to Computing

  3. 2D Arrays • In a classroom where the chairs are organized as a grid of 8 rows and 10 columns int chair[8][10]; for (i=0; i<8; i++) for (j=0; j<10; j++) scanf("%d",&chair[i][j]); CMPE150: Introduction to Computing

  4. Example #1 • Construct a student's timetable. Read course code (assume all courses have distinct codes). int table[8][5]; for (i=0; i<8; i++) for (j=0; j<5; j++) scanf("%d",&table[i][j]); CMPE150: Introduction to Computing

  5. Example #2 • Store a map of every pixel on the screen (256 colors/pixel). Assume a resolution of 1024x768. unsigned char screen[1024][768]; CMPE150: Introduction to Computing

  6. Example #3 • Read the number of inhabitants in every flat in a building. Assume there are 10 floors with 5 flats in every floor. Find the flats that have occupancy above the average. CMPE150: Introduction to Computing

  7. Example #3 int flat[10][5], i, j, sum=0; float avg; for (i=0; i<10; i++) for (j=0; j<5; j++) { scanf("%d", &flat[i][j]); sum += flat[i][j]; } avg = sum/50.0; for (i=0; i<10; i++) for (j=0; j<5; j++) if (flat[i][j]>avg) printf("On floor %d, in flat %d\n",i,j); CMPE150: Introduction to Computing

  8. Example #4 • Mark every soldier with "1" on a map. Rest is all zeros. • Find the coordinates of all soldiers that can reach a given coordinate in 10 steps. CMPE150: Introduction to Computing

  9. Example #4 #define ABS(x) ((x)<0) ? -(x) : (x) int map[1000][1000], int coord_x, coord_y, i, j; for (i=0; i<1000; i++) for (j=0; j<1000; j++) scanf("%d", &map[i][j]); scanf("%d %d", &coord_x, &coord_y); /* Read coordinates*/ for (i=coord_x-10; i<=coord_x+10; i++) for (j=coord_y-10; j<=coord_y+10; j++) if (map[i][j]) if ((ABS(coord_x-i)+ABS(coord_y-j) <= 10) printf("%d %d", i, j); CMPE150: Introduction to Computing

  10. Example #5 • Find the number of cell phones in the coverage of a base station. Assume cell radius is 20 units. CMPE150: Introduction to Computing

  11. Example #5 #define SQR(x) (x)*(x) int map[1000][1000], intBS_x, BS_y, i, j, count=0; for (i=0; i<1000; i++) for (j=0; j<1000; j++) scanf("%d", &map[i][j]); scanf("%d %d", &BS_x, &BS_y); /* BS coordinates*/ for (i=BS_x-20; i<=BS_x+20; i++) for (j=BS_y-20; j<=BS_y+20; j++) if (SQR(BS_x-i)+SQR(BS_y-j) <= 400) count= count + map[i][j]; printf("%d cell phones in the coverage of the BS\n", count); CMPE150: Introduction to Computing

  12. 3D Array • Store the day-of-the-week info for all days in for three years. enumday_of_week {SUN,MON,TUE,WED,THU,FRI,SAT}; enum month {JAN,FEB,MAR,APR,MAY,JUN,JUL,AUG,SEP,OCT,NOV,DEC}; enumday_of_week day[3][12][31]; day[0][MAY][19]=MON; CMPE150: Introduction to Computing

  13. 4D Arrays • As ATC, you want to check if the route of a plane is valid. #define T 100 #define X 200 #define Y 200 #define Z 100 int space[T][X][Y][Z]; ... for (t=0; t<T; t++) { scanf("%d %d %d", &x, &y, &z); if (space[t][x][y][z]) printf("There is an another plane at the coordinates" "(%d,%d,%d) at time %d\n", x,y,z,t); } CMPE150: Introduction to Computing

  14. More Dimensions • Store the grade from each question in each exam for each course of all students. int question[1000][40][3][5]; CMPE150: Introduction to Computing

  15. More Dimensions • Calculate the monthly salary of each worker. 10YTL/hr. int work[100][12][31][24]; int worker, month, day, hour; float salary; ... /* Initialize work array */ for (worker=0; worker<100; worker++) { salary=0; for (month=0; month<12; month++) for (day=0; day<31; day++) for (hour=0; hour<24; hour++) salary += 10.0*work[worker][month][day][hour]/60.0; printf("Salary for worker #%d is %f\n", worker, salary/12.0); } CMPE150: Introduction to Computing

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