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Interacting With Other Users

Interacting With Other Users. Interacting With Other Users. Most collisions occur when two or more objects try to occupy the same space at the same time. Drivers must identify movement that could result in dangerous conflicts as well as judge the risk of two objects closing on each other.

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Interacting With Other Users

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  1. Interacting With Other Users

  2. Interacting With Other Users • Most collisions occur when two or more objects try to occupy the same space at the same time. • Drivers must identify movement that could result in dangerous conflicts as well as judge the risk of two objects closing on each other

  3. Closing Probabilities/Traffic Conflicts • Major types of crashes* • Intersection related • More crashes than at any other location • Rear end • More than 2 million crashes/year (tailgating) • Merging & exiting vehicles • Lateral movement • Lane change • Merging & exiting vehicles • Cyclist • Head-on • Run off road (over correct) • Single car • Run off road (too fast for conditions) • Common Conflicts: • Oncoming vehicles • Merging/exiting vehicles • Cars ahead of you • Cars behind you • Intersecting vehicles and pedestrians *INCR 2001 Report Breaking the Accident Chain

  4. Anticipate Errors • Vision errors • Failure to yield right-of-way • Improper speed adjustment • Poor judgment of distance or space • Inadequate or improper vehicle control • Improper signals • Sudden actions to avoid objects

  5. Clues to Problems Read the clues to problems. Be aware of the risk!

  6. Communicating • Turn Signals • Ky requires 100 ft before turn • Beware of confusing signals • Headlights • Double the distance at which you can be seen • Horn • Brake Lights • Tap lightly to signal intention to stop • Flashers • Parking Lights • Use only for parking

  7. Intersection: Adjust Speed/Placement for Visual Search Step 1 (Search) Identify Intersection Identify Signs, Signals, Markings Check Rear Areas Search for Intersection Problems Step 2 (Evaluate) Scan Open Side Areas.. 1st Scan Closed Side Areas Look for Closed, Changing Frontal Areas Step 3 (Execute) Adjust Speed/Position Maintain Lane Position Stop behind Crosswalk or Proceed Through Open Space Area Cover Brake!

  8. Intersections Master the ability to correctly estimate the interval needed to enter or cross a traffic flow. 1 sec, 2 sec, etc

  9. What types of crashes are likely to occur while waiting at a red traffic signal? How can you protect yourself against these types of crashes? Stop before crosswalk/stop bar Stop so you can see rear wheels of car in front of you Be sure cross traffic is stopping before you go Intersection Safety

  10. Driving in Traffic • Adjustspeed and position • To stay out of blind spots • to avoid driving in a pack • to allow time to assess, collect, and process traffic information • Maintain adequate space margins • Position your car so you can observe actions of drivers 4 to 5 cars ahead of you • Increase for view obstructions • Leave an area into which you can steer on at least one side of your car

  11. Driving in Traffic • Meeting other traffic • Avoid meeting large vehicles in reduced space • Avoid meeting other vehicles as you approach non motorized users or stalled vehicles • Avoid meeting other vehicles on slippery roadways such as bridges, shaded areas, or curves • Following distance • When behind a large truck • When approaching a railroad crossing • In poor traction

  12. Mid-BlockCrossing What signs should you be reading in this situation?

  13. Blind Intersection

  14. The Stalled Vehicle

  15. Come on, Good Buddy

  16. Dropped Lane

  17. Road Curves to the Right When inertia overcomes friction, the vehicle fails to turn. The sharper the change in direction(more curve) the greater the need to reduce speed. What’s the risk?

  18. Road Curves to the Left When inertia overcomes friction, the vehicle fails to turn. The sharper the change in direction(more curve) the greater the need to reduce speed. What’s the risk?

  19. Passing on a Two-Lane Highway No oncoming vehicles for 3420ft if passing a vehicle doing 50mph!

  20. Non-Motorized Users • Expect to be Challenged the Unexpected Children in Traffic

  21. Expressway Driving • Effect of high speed on braking distance • Effect of high speed on field of vision • Highway hypnosis • Effect of extended high speed driving • Presence of slower moving vehicles • Presence of faster moving vehicles • Entrance and exit ramps • Vehicles on shoulder (reentering) • Wind effect

  22. Type of Interchanges Trumpet Cloverleaf Diamond

  23. Cloverleaf Interchange No gap to enter Entering traffic not matching speed Sudden lane change to exit Exiting vehicle returns Sudden slowing

  24. Entering an Expressway 1. Directly identify gap or vehicle following gap 2. Transfer visual to rear/side mirror 2a. Begin accelerating to highway speed 3. Head check of blind spot (fast glance) 3a. Check intended path 3b. Accelerate into gap - if there is a problem, DO NOT STOP ON RAMP, go into emergency strip 4. Adjust speed to highway limits; establish interval 4 3 2 1

  25. Selecting the Best Travel Lane

  26. Approaching Merge Ramps • Be aware of approaching merge ramps. • If possible move out of the right hand lane to avoid a closing conflict. • If impossible to move left be prepared to adjust speed to accommodate merging vehicles

  27. Exiting an Expressway Exit Ramp 3 2 Deceleration Lane 1

  28. Driving Through a Weave Lane What are the risks? Who has the right of way? Freeway Driving

  29. Dealing with Large Trucks • Weight difference • Momentum • Acceleration • Deceleration • Turns • Visibility

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