Emergency Training Simulation Design

1. Emergency Training Simulation Design Art Hendela President, Hendela System Consultants, Inc. www.hendela.com art.hendela@hendela.com Mihai Moldovan New Jersey Institute of Technology

2. Uses of Games and Simulators • Teaching - principles, methods, skills, supplementary material • Training – allow dress rehearsals with easy reset • Operations – explore, test, and plan operational parameters http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

3. Uses of Games and Simulators - Continued • Research – hypothesis testing • Therapy – behavioral testing, evaluation, and drug treatment • Entertainment – have fun and relax (sounds good! ) http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

4. Basic Design Philosophies According to Gartner Group’s Clark Aldrich (2001): • Use Authentic Scenarios • Force quick decisions • Provide lots of options • Repetition and choices help it sink in • Customize to the culture http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

5. Metaphors – the basis for learning events Use the 3 C model to help develop your metaphors • Create • Connect • Combine http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

6. Special Purpose Simulators Defined • Custom built tool by an experienced model builder • Uses a data driven model of a specific system • The user is allowed to modify model parameters in order to run tests and get his/her results http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

7. Simulation Language History • Fortran – The mother of all mathematical modeling languages (1956) • Algol – influenced C’s development (1960) • GPSS – IBM’s General Purpose System Simulator (1961) • Dynamo – used first for USAF logistics • APL – A Programming Language – all mathematical symbols. http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

8. Simulation Language – Microsaint • Developed for modeling human-based complex systems • Used for analysis of resource utilization, maintenance procedures, military personnel performance • Utilizes the Task Network Model to answer what if questions http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

9. MicroSaint Application-Human Factors • Simulation is new to Human Factors/Ergonomic studies • Used by industry and the military to find optimal work teams • Helped design Army’s Comanche Helicopter http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

10. Simulation Design –High Level Architecture • Former simulations used Monolithic design techniques to create one large model • High Level Architecture (HLA) is used for newer distributed simulations comprised of sub-models http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

11. High Level Architecture – Traffic Flow Example Traffic Light Models Traffic Management System Visualization Simulation Cars Simulation Pedestrians Simulation Traffic Lights Runtime Infrastructure (RTI) http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

12. Simulation Application-Healthcare for the poor • Partnership of Immunization Providers (PIP) used three steps to create simulation to improve clinic performance • Create Workflow data acquisition tool • Break data into functional relationships • Create simulation model of ideal operation • Input is made simple for the staff http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

13. Simulation Application-Healthcare for the poor 2 Five key areas are identified: • Check-in, • Waiting Room/pre exam • Exam • Check-out and Charting • Post-checkout http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

14. Simulation Application – Satellite Terminal Control • Simulation of a direct control of satellite ground terminal • Runs on WIN NT-based laptop • Employed with 3rd party tools, packages and components • Designed to simulate one control terminal http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

15. Simulation Application – Railroad • TRAINSET is a real-time railroad simulator • Designed with layout editor, state display, control programs • Automatic Control Interface (ACI) establishes the connection http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

16. Simulation Application – Simulated Fire • Virtual Environment allows safe recreation of scenarios. • Building designs are evaluated from the viewpoint of fire safety • 3-D designs allow for the ability to “walk-through” the building. • Integrates NIST’s Consolidated Model of Fire and Smoke Transport (CFAST) with Berkeley Architectural Walkthrough (Walkthru). http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

17. Simulated Fire – CFAST Design Environment composed of: • Rectilinear 3-D regions called volumes • Interconnection portals called vents Differential equations are solved to create the flow and exchange of gases between the volumes http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

18. Simulated Fire – Walkthru Design Walkthru adds properties and objects not found in the basic CFAST simulation. These include: • Wall Specifications such as thickness and material • Furniture characteristics such as mass, materials, chemistry, and combustion details. http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

19. Simulation Application – Submarine Combat Threats/ Targets Mission Requirements Info Processing Decision Functions Action Systems Sensors http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

20. Simulation Application – Multiprocessor Applications • S3E2S – CAD environment for specification, simulation, and synthesis of embedded electronic systems • Combines analog parts, digital hardware, and software. • Mixes control dominated and data dominated behavior of electronic devices http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

21. Simulation Application – Power Generation • Interest in power grid simulation high in light of potential black outs and terrorist threats • STAR used for a variety of power generation simulation: • Electrical Grid • Electrical Generator • Steam Turbine • High Voltage Regulation http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

22. Simulation Application – Hospital Emergency Command System • Four areas in which the system needs to provide control and mobilization: communications, personnel, equipment and mobility • Five phases in a hospital emergency: detect, dispatch, deploy, deliver and disperse • Simulation program has been prepared in a modular manner • Results showed improvements in emergency response time when using the system http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

23. Simulation Application – Design of a Submarine Voyage Training Simulator • The simulator consists of three parts: Operation Panel, Display Panel and Interface Cabinet • System modeling – motion modeling and navigation devices modeling • Complex software design – differential equations, database management, 3D animation, PID controller, real-time communication • Results showed that simulator could describe the regulation of submarine movement and maneuvering correctly and completely http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

24. Simulation Application – Inflight Software Simulation of the Harpoon Missile • Harpoon missile – anti-ship missile that can be launched from submarines, surface ships and aircrafts • Built by McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Corporation • HACLCS – Harpoon Aircraft Command and Launch System • Two modes for launch – computer and line-of sight http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

25. Simulation Application – Inflight Software Simulation of the Harpoon Missile 2 • Two launching modes – normal and abnormal • Simulation function provides the operator with the capability to simulate selection and release of missiles • Simulation capabilities include: initialization controlling and operating conditions, selection simulation, tableau update simulation, aim point update simulation, MGU update simulation, FTP update simulation, release simulation http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

26. Simulation – Transaction Cycle of Agents and Web-based Gaming Simulation for International Emissions Trading • ASIA – agent-based Java framework (Artificial Society with Interacting Agents) • Layered structure – application layer, social layer, agent layer, Java virtual machine • Greenhouse gas emission trading simulation • Web applications for gaming http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

27. Simulation – An Environment Simulator for the FDNY Computer Aided Dispatch System • MICS System – Management and Information Control System • Environmental simulator – an integral part of the MICS • Six modes of operation: alarm receipt, decision dispatch, display/fallback, notification, status monitoring and management • Results showed that the required performance of the MICS system was more than adequately met http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

28. Simulation – Simulation Study of a Hospital Automated Materials Handling System • ACT – Automated Cart Transport system – to be implemented in the hospital • There is a need for studying a number of issues: manpower requirements, number of needed transporters, interfacing with other personnel using the system, scheduling • A simulation is the best way to analyze all these factors http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

29. Simulation – Simulation Study of a Hospital Automated Materials Handling System 2 • Two modeling concepts • Breaking down the system activities into identifiable event elements • Use a dynamically changing list of future events • WIDES – Wisconsin Discrete Event Simulator • The system had four main components – the database, the scheduler, the simulation program and the output • Conclusion – a feasible schedule of deliveries has NOT been achieved http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

30. Simulation – Modeling with the Microsaint Simulation Package • Microsaint – a discrete-event simulation software package for building models that simulate real-life processes • Model development • Task timing information • Conditions for execution • Beginning/ending effects • Task sequencing • Used successfully in the manufacturing industry and in the health care industry http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

31. Simulation – Simulation Interoperability with the Microsaint Simulation Software and COM Services • COM services developed as a new feature for Microsaint • COM services allow communication between Microsaint and other software applications • Examples of COM Services application • Course of Action Training Tool (CATT) • Combat Automation Requirements Testbed (CART) http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

32. Simulation – Perspectives on Simulation using GPSS • GPSS – General Purpose Simulation System – a popular simulation modeling language • Offers a rich set of semantics and yet it is sparse in syntax • GPSS is a multi-vendor language • Some versions provide built-in graphic and animation features • Some languages have GPSS embedded http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

33. Simulation – Perspectives on Simulation using GPSS 2 • Five misconceptions about GPSS • GPSS is inherently slow • To do anything sophisticated in GPSS, HELP blocks must be used to combine GPSS models with FORTRAN routines • GPSS is trivial to learn • Modeling difficulties arise more frequently due to language shortcomings than due to lack of modeler expertise • GPSS is batch oriented http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

34. Simulation – Medical Education as a Model for Simulation Education • Two models of simulation application – research model and practice model • Parallel between medical education and simulation education • Curriculum proposal • Basic course work – mathematics, statistics, probability, stochastic models, optimization and simulation modeling • Additional coursework – accounting, business management, marketing, logistics, Info Systems management, computing, communication and technical writing http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

35. Simulation – A Microcomputer Based Simulation Model for a Military Scheduling Application • Study tries to determine the manpower requirements for an army orders processing operation • Model development • Arrivals • Service • Queue • Results of the simulation model showed that overall processing time can effectively be reduced by designing the processing system on the basis of the queue size of the orders and the number of clerks http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

36. Simulation - An Introduction to the Simulation of a Multiple CPU Military Communications System • Design effort to extend the capabilities of Army’s operational telecommunication system • Resulting system – Pentagon Consolidated Telecommunications Center System (PCTCS) • Extensible Computer System Simulation (ECSS II) language was used to simulate the new PCTCS system • ECSS II was found to be a powerful tool for simulating military message processing systems http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

37. Simulation – Barriers to Implementing Simulation in Health Care • Barrier #1 – A natural resistance to the unfamiliar • Rule #1 – Get everybody’s fingerprints on the knife • Barrier # 2 – The industrial “time and motion” study stigma • Rule #2 – Educate others and avoid the industrial vernacular http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

38. Simulation – Barriers to Implementing Simulation in Health Care 2 • Barrier # 3 – The poorly conducted simulation study • Rule #3 – Don’t wind your toys too tight • Barrier #4 – politics, personalities, over confidence, misunderstanding , ambition, poor data collection etc. • Rule #4 – Don’t build barriers; build bridges http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

39. Simulation – A Tutorial on Simulation in Healthcare: Applications and Issues • Computer simulation models conform both to system structure and to available system data • Simulation supports experimentation with systems at relatively low cost and little risk • Variation matters • Simulation experiment results conform to unique system requirements for information http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

40. Simulation – A Tutorial on Simulation in Healthcare: Applications and Issues 2 Simulation application in healthcare can be classified into four categories • Public policy • Patient treatment process • Capital expenditure requirements • Provider operating policies http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

41. Simulation – Internet-based Simulation using Off-the-shelf Simulation Tools and HLA • C++ not suited for developing simulations • HLA – High Level Architecture • Requirements imposed on simulation tools by HLA are considerable • Requirements derived from the HLA programming paradigm • Requirements derived from being part of a distributed simulation http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

42. Simulation – Internet-based Simulation using Off-the-shelf Simulation Tools and HLA 2 • Four general solutions for integrating existing simulation tools into HLA • Re-implementation of the tool with HLA extensions • Extension of intermediate code • Usage of an external programming interface • Coupling via a gateway program http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

43. Simulation - Using Simulation to Reduce Length of Stay in Emergency Departments • Object of the study – a medium to large hospital in the southeast • Simulation software – MedModel • 10 steps in the project • Identify the process to be simulated • Define the goals and objectives of the study • Formulate and define model • Collect data • Build the model http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

44. Simulation - Using Simulation to Reduce Length of Stay in Emergency Departments 2 • 10 steps in the process (cont) • Verify the model • Validate the model • Set up alternatives for evaluation • Run multiple replications on each alterative and evaluate results • Choose best alternative or combination of alternatives http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

45. Simulation – A Review of Web-based Simulation: Whither we Wander • New software technologies • Java is one of the most promising technologies for web based simulation • Environments and languages for web based simulation • Simjava • DEVSJAVA • JSIM • JavaSim • JavaGPSS • Silk • WSE http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

46. Simulation – A Review of Web-based Simulation: Whither we Wander 2 • Areas of application: • Manufacturing • Education and training • Military applications • Scientific applications • Other applications http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

47. Training Application-Healthcare Treatment • Police are trained to recognize gestures and verbal cues regarding mental illness • Verbal interaction methods are taught • The following are simulated: • Schizophrenia • Paranoia • Depression http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

48. Healthcare Treatment – Mental Illness Simulator Language Processor Virtual Human Visualization Engine Behavior Engine http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

49. Training Application – Multi-ship Air Combat • Simulation used as inexpensive way to keep skills sharp • Live flight limited due to security, flight safety, resources, range of flight • Pilots train in a F-15 cockpit in a 40 foot dome with target projection • SIMNET implements multi-user design utilizing pilots, weapons controllers, and enemies. http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization

50. Training Application – Multi-ship Air Combat 2 Simulation considered better for training: • Multi-bogey, four or more • Reaction to surface to air missiles • Employment of electronic countermeasures/counter-counter measures • Escort tactics • All weather tactics • Low altitude tactics http://www.hendela.com Your Web Database Experts. Landing pages, Online Surveys, Search Engine Optimization