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Polymer Science Education – An (Southern) African Perspective

Polymer Science Education – An (Southern) African Perspective. Harald Pasch SASOL Chair of Analytical Polymer Science Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science. Stellenbosch – South Africa. Darmstadt. Stellenbosch. Statement.

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Polymer Science Education – An (Southern) African Perspective

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  1. Polymer Science Education – An (Southern) African Perspective Harald Pasch SASOL Chair of Analytical Polymer Science Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science

  2. Stellenbosch – South Africa Darmstadt Stellenbosch

  3. Statement During the last 30 years the world's materials around us have changed … to new materials ... Emphasis is on polymers, advanced materials for the electronic and medical industries and novel ceramics, amongst others. Yet, a school leaver often doesn't know …what a plastic bag is and how to recycle it. There is an urgent need to address the improved teaching of materials (and polymer) science, especially in Africa. We are of the opinion that new courses could do much to improve science teaching in Africa and make the matric student much more conscious of materials around him/her. … the same it true, of course, for science teaching at a tertiary education level. R.D. Sanderson, J. Makawa-Mbewe, J.J. De Kock Macromol. Symp. 165 (2001)143–154

  4. The African Background The top oil producers: 2.1 Mio barrel/d 1.7 Mio barrel/d 0.7 Mio barrel/d 2.2 Mio barrel/d 1.9 Mio barrel/d

  5. The African Background But: very limited refining capacities polymer/plastics production is close to zero ! 2.2 Mio barrel/d 1.9 Mio barrel/d

  6. Nigeria: Population 174 Mio (7th), GDP 316 Billion $ (38th) • Review of top 5 universities: • not a single degree in Polymer Science • Polymer Science activities part of the Science (Chemistry) or Engineering (Chem. Eng.) faculties • postgraduate degrees: MSc and PhD in Chemistry or Industrial Chemistry No. 1: Obafemi Awolowo University Dept. of Chemistry: postgrad. degrees in chemistry and industrial chemistry CHM 417 – Polymer Chemistry (4th year, 1st semester) Survey, classification, and nomenclature of synthetic and naturally occurring macromolecules; their physical and chemical properties; synthesis, particularly by addition, condensation, and ring-opening processes; comparison of synthetic methods with biogenetic routes; characterization of polymers, particularly by molecular weight measurements; correlation of physical and chemical properties of macromolecules with structural features, including their stereochemistry. No. 2: University of Lagos Dept. of Chemistry: postgrad. degrees in environmental and analytical chemistry No polymer or materials science courses No. 3: University of Ilorin Dept. of Chemistry: postgrad. degrees in chemistry and industrial chemistry No further details on course contents

  7. Nigeria: Population 174 Mio (7th), GDP 316 Billion $ (38th) No. 4: University of Ibadan Dept. of Chemistry: MSc and PhD in Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry

  8. Nigeria: Population 174 Mio (7th), GDP 316 Billion $ (38th) No. 5: Federal University of Technology (Owerri) Faculty of Engineering, Dept. of Polymer & Textile Engineering: BSc, MSc and PhD degrees in Textile Science and Engineering & Polymer Science and Engineering Part 5 (500 level) 1st Semester Polymer Science 11 (PTE 501, 3 unit)  Polymer Rheology II (PTE 503, 2 unit)  Engineering Technology of Elastomers (PTE 507, 3 unit)  Complex Textile and Design (PTE 509, 3 unit)  2nd Semester Polymer Processing Engineering Technology IV (PTE 502, 3 unit)  Modern Yarn Production (PTE 504, 3 unit)  Theory of Colouration and Finishing of Textiles (PTE 506, 3 unit)  Theory of Textile Structures (PTE 512, 2 unit)  Polymer Reactions and Degradation (PTE 534, 1 unit)  Electives Polymer Processing Engineering Technology III (PTE 521, 3 unit)  Adhesive and Coating Engineering (PTE 522, 3 unit)  Pulp and Paper Technology (PTE 523, 3 unit)  Colour Technology (PTE 524, 3 unit)  Polymer in Medicine and Specialty uses (PTE 526, 3 unit)  Foam Technology (PTE 529, 3 unit)  Injection Mouldings (PTE 527, 3 unit)  Recycling (PTE 530, unit)  Advanced Composites (PTE 531, unit)  Conducting Polymers (PTE 533, 3 unit)  Presented by: 1 professor 1 senior lecturer 2 lecturers 6 assistant lecturers

  9. Tanzania: Population 45 Mio, GDP 80 Billion $ (78th) No. 1: University of Dar es Salaam College of Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical and Mining Engineering College of Natural and Applied Sciences, ???? no further information Both offer BSc degrees, no polymer activities, no information on ongoing research projects, MSc and PhD programs – no details No. 2: Sokoine University of Agriculture Faculty of Science, Dept. of Physical Sciences: BSc program in chemistry No. 3: The Hubert Kairuki Memorial University Private medical university

  10. Tanzania: Population 45 Mio, GDP 80 Billion $ (78th) No. 4: Tumaini University Makumira ‘…is a Christ-Centred University focusing all its programmes through the guidance of and obedience to the word of God…’ No science except computer science  No. 5: Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences no science or engineering faculties, no undergrad or postgrad degrees in science The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology new establishment, shall be similar to IITs in India, Dept. of Materials Science & Engineering: Master’s and PhD in Materials Science and Engineering (MaSE), Master’s and PhD in Environmental Science and Engineering (EnSE)

  11. Angola: Population 19 Mio, GDP 129 Billion $ (61st) No. 1: Universidade Católica de Angola Faculty of Engineering: Teaching … under construction Research … under construction Perspectives … under construction No. 2: Universidade Agostinho Neto Faculty of Engineering, College of Sciences MSc and PhD degrees in chemical engineering No information about courses, research etc. No. 3: Universidade Gregório Semedo Faculty of Engineering and Technology mainly computer science No information about courses, research etc. No. 5: Universidade Técnica de Angola Departamentos ????? Faculdades ????? Only Portuguese, no detailed information !

  12. Zimbabwe: Population 13 Mio, GDP 11 Billion $ (31st in Africa!) No. 1: University of Zimbabwe (Harare) Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry BSc Hons in Chemistry and MSc in Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Engineering: no chemical engineering No. 2: National University of Science and Technology (Bulawayo) Faculty of Applied Sciences, Dept. of Applied Chemistry BSc and postgrad degrees in Applied Chemistry Polymer Science course SCH 2107 Harare Institute of Technology Dept. of Polymer Science & Engineering Polymer Science Polymer Engineering Polymer Technology Polymer Materials & Processing Recycling and Environmental Protection Research and Product Development Polymer Science degrees (B Tech Hons) to be introduced in 2014 • Introduction to Polymers • Polymerization • Fibres • Polymerisation techniques • Rubbers Established by Prof. L. Tichagwa - former head of Chemistry Department of University of Ft. Hare, South Africa - former PhD student of Sanderson/Pasch

  13. South Africa: Population 53 Mio (25th), GDP 371 Billion $ (33rd) SASOL Industries: oil, gas, chemicals Employees: 34,000 Revenue: 32 Billion $ Plastics/polymers: > 1 Mio t/a

  14. South Africa: Population 53 Mio (25th), GDP 371 Billion $ (33rd) South Africa’s top universities University of the Witwatersrand (Wits) University of Pretoria (UP) University of Johannesburg (UJ) University of the Free State (UFS) University of Cape Town (UCT) University of Stellenbosch University of the Western Cape (UWC) University of Kwazulu-Natal (UKZN)

  15. South Africa: Population 53 Mio (25th), GDP 371 Billion $ (33rd) South African universities with Polymer Science teaching and research University of the Free State (UFS) Qwaqwa Campus Postgraduate degrees in Polymer Science: BSc Hons, MSc, PhD BSc Hons course content: CMP 614 Inorganic Chemistry (Polymers and Polymer Reactions) (16 credits, 16 hours theory, 30 hours practicals, one examination paper of 2 hours) CMP 634 Physical Chemistry (Physical Polymer Science) (16 credits, 16 hours theory, 30 hours practicals, one examination paper of 2 hours) CMP 654 Organic Chemistry (Polymers and Polymerization) (16 credits, 15 hours theory, 30 hours practicals, one examination paper of 2 hours) CMP 674 Analytical Chemistry (Polymer Testing and Characterization I) (16 credits, 15 hours theory, 30 hours practicals, one examination paper of 2 hours) CMP 624 Polymer Chemistry (16 credits, 15 hours theory, 30 hours practicals, one examination paper of 2 hours) CMP 644 Polymer Characterization (16 credits, 15 hours theory, 30 hours practicals, one examination paper of 2 hours) – CMP 664 Physical Polymer Science (16 credits, 15 hours theory, 30 hours practicals, one examination paper of 2 hours) CMP 684 Applied Polymer Science (Research Project) (16 credits)

  16. South Africa: Population 53 Mio (25th), GDP 371 Billion $ (33rd) University of Pretoria (UP) Postgraduate degrees in Applied Science: BSc Hons, MSc, PhD Research focus on chemical product and process design including polymers and polymer nanocomposites BSc Hons course content: Among other courses CPW 732 Polymer Materials Science CPP 732 Polymer Processing CYM 732 Additive Technology(e.g. polymer fillers, stabilizers, surfactants) CFT 732 Fluoro-Materials Science (e.g. fluoro-monomer polymerization, physical properties, processing) University of the Witwatersrand (Wits) Postgraduate degrees in Chemistry and Applied Chemistry: BSc Hons, MSc, PhD Joined degree of Schools of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, some polymer teaching embedded in organic and physical chemistry courses, research oriented towards nanotechnology

  17. South Africa: Population 53 Mio (25th), GDP 371 Billion $ (33rd) Tshwane University of Technology (TUT) Faculty of Engineering Bachelor of Technology: B Eng Tech – polymer technology and materials engineering B Eng Tech course content: Polymer Technology - processing of polymers (injection moulding, extrusion, compression moulding) - flow characteristics of polymers, rheometry, viscometry - polymer technology practical Polymer Science - polymer chemistry - polymer science practical

  18. South Africa: Population 53 Mio (25th), GDP 371 Billion $ (33rd) University of Stellenbosch Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science BSc in Chemistry: Chemistry and Polymer Science BSc in Chemistry: Textile and Polymer Sciences BSc in Chemistry: Chemical Biology 2nd year: textile science module 3rd year: polymer chemistry module, analytical polymer science module BSc Hons in Polymer Science 1st semester: polymer chemistry, advanced analytical polymer science 2nd semester: physical polymer science, general polymer science and special topics  MSc in Polymer Science, PhD in Polymer Science Only South African university with a complete BSc, BSc Hons, MSc and PhD curriculum in Polymer Science

  19. South Africa: Population 53 Mio (25th), GDP 371 Billion $ (33rd) University of Stellenbosch Annual Winter School in Polymer Science 5 days packed with lectures, pracs, own presentations, get together ….. - Morning sessions: lectures - introduction to polymers as materials - polymer chemistry, polymerization mechanisms - polymer analysis - industrial applications - Afternoon sessions: pracs (in groups of 3-4 students) - prepare your polymer - analyse chemical composition (FTIR, NMR, MS) - get molar mass (SEC) - get properties (density, thermal properties) - present and discuss your results

  20. South Africa: Population 53 Mio (25th), GDP 371 Billion $ (33rd) University of Stellenbosch Annual Winter School in Polymer Science 2012: 26 students, 15 from UCT, 2 from WSU, 1 from NMMU, 5 from UFH, 2 from UP and 1 from NAMPAC

  21. South Africa: Population 53 Mio (25th), GDP 371 Billion $ (33rd) Annual Winter School in Polymer Science

  22. South Africa: Population 53 Mio (25th), GDP 371 Billion $ (33rd) Vocational Training in Polymer/Plastics Technology Plastics | SA is the mouthpiece of South African plastics industry. Previously known as the Plastics Federation ofSouth Africa, we proudly represent polymer producers and importers, converters, machine suppliers and recyclers. • 3 Training centres • Midrand • Cape Town • Durban • Train more than 3 000 students per annum • Learnerships – 1 year programme • Skills Programmes; duration 3 – 10 days

  23. Accredited Training Provider Assessments Recognition of Prior Learning TRAINING SERVICES Pre – Assessments (Gap Analysis) Learning Potential Assessment Learnerships Skills Programmes

  24. South Africa: Population 53 Mio (25th), GDP 371 Billion $ (33rd) Qualifications in the Plastics Industry • National Certificate in Plastics Manufacturing NQF 2 – 4 • National Certificate in Polymer Composite Fabrication NQF 2 – 4 • National Certificate in Thermoplastic Fabrication NQF 2 – 4 • National Certificate in Polymer Composite Fabrication NQF 2 – 4 • National Certificate in Polymer Compound Manufacturing NQF 2 • Manufacturing and Assembly Operations Supervision NQF 4

  25. Summary, conclusions Africa is a rich continent, some African countries are major crude oil or mineral producers Nearly all crude oil is shipped overseas, very little processing/refining capacities, plastics manufacturing is close to zero (except for SA) Incentive for developing/establishing polymer science teaching/research ???? Internationally competitive polymer science teaching/research only in South Africa - comprehensive undergrad and postgrad degrees in polymer science - vocational training through Plastics Federation of SA - significant financial and logistic support through major SA companies (Sasol, Kansai Plascon, Mondi Mpact, plastics conversion companies)

  26. Thank you for your attention Analytical Polymer Science in Stellenbosch 26

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