What is a Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)? Would you ever eat a GMO?

1. What is a Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)? Would you ever eat a GMO?

2. A Genetically Modified Organism is a living thing whose DNA has been altered by humans.

3. Transgenic Organisms (Genetically Modified Organisms)

4. Transgenic Zebra Fish Reading Actively read through quick article: Glowing Fish – First Genetically Modified Organism Available as a Pet Class Discussion

5. How will the world be different when you are your parent’s age?

6. JQ: If you could create a transgenic glowing human, what would you choose to trigger the human to glow?

7. Transgenic Zebra Fish Reading Zebra Fish vs. GloFish? Transgenic? Promotor? Creating Transgenic? Estrogen vs. Stress Induced Promotors? Ethical Issues? Avatar?

8. Using Glofish to study water pollution ATCCTAGTATA Glofish Glows! Glofish doesn’t glow X TTCAGCGTATCT X ATCCTAGTATA AGTTATGACCTCA TTCAGCGTATCT ATCCTAGTATA AGTTATGACCTCA Promoter: TATAGCTAGCC Normal Zebrafish DNA: DNA code before gene turns gene on or off

9. How Did Scientists Engineer the Transgenic Glowfish? It is called DNA Microinjection ATCCTAGTATA Glo Gene: ATCCTAGTATA Transgenic Glofish! Normal Zebrafish DNA: AGTTATGACCTCA TTCAGCGTATCT DNA code for glowing protein

10. Think back to the video

11. Journal Question : Should humans be altering the DNA of organisms?

12. Nova: Harvest of Fear Part 1 Part 3 Part 2 Part 4

13. If you could choose which traits your baby will have, would you do it? Explain.

14. JQ: Do soul mates exist? Explain.

15. JQ: What are enzymes, and why are they so important for living organisms? You need your textbook today.

16. What is an enzyme? Specialized proteins that speed up the rate of a chemical reaction by lower its activation energy. H2O + CO2H2CO3 ReactantsProduct

17. Structure of an Enzyme • Active Site – for attaching onto reactants aka substrates • The chemical(s) that enzyme attaches to is called the substrate. • Highly specific with what they bind onto. • Lock and Key analogy

18. Analogies for Enzymes link • Mentos and Diet coke Active site? _______ Substrate? _______ • Stapler analogy Active site? _______ Substrate? _______

19. Essential Concept: Enzymes are involved in almost every cellular process, including DNA replication Read pages 300 - 303 in your text book, and answer questions 1, 2, 5 on pages 303

20. JQ: Why does DNA need to replicate itself?

21. What is DNA replication? Replication is the process where DNA makes an exact copy of itself. Why does DNA replicate?

22. Materials Workers DNA Helicase (Protein) Original DNA Building Blocks for new DNA (Nucleotides) DNA Polymerase (Protein) Final Product = 2 identical pieces of DNA

23. DNA Replication Steps • DNA Helicase(enzyme) splits open double strand right through hydrogen bonds in the middle. 2. Binding Proteins holds two strands apart, so they don’t reattach to one another. 3. DNA Polymerase (enzyme) attaches free floating nucleotides to the open strands, making sure to proofread along the way. 4. End product is two identical strands of DNA.

24. Where do the free-floating nucleotides come from? Link

25. DNA Replication Play - Brainstorm • What roles, or characters, will we need to perform a play about DNA replication? 2. How will we form, or represent our DNA using people?

26. Activation Energy Reactants Products How do the enzymes make all this happen? In order to break a bond within a molecule, a certain amount of energy must be used. C12H22O11 C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 Glucose & Galactose

27. Activation Energy Reactants Products If you wanted that bond to break more easily, you would have to lower the amount of energy it would require to break the bond. An enzyme can lower the “Activation Energy” of a reaction C12H22O11 C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 Lactose Glucose & Galactose

28. Reaction pathway w/o enzyme AE w/o Enzyme AE w/ Enzyme Reactants Reaction pathway with enzyme Products

29. JQ: Why does your body sweat & shiver? Okay I know what you will say, “to regulate body temperature.” That is true, but why must you do that?

30. Enzymes Only Work in Specific Conditions Enzymes need the right conditions to work  In extreme conditions they Denature – change shape and don’t work

31. Toothpick Enzyme Activity Read the Pre-Lab, and answer the pre-lab questions. Read through the lab Find a partner, and perform the lab 4. Clean up 5. Collect Class Data on Board 6. Answer Post-Lab Questions

32. Class Data:

33. Journal Question: What are three things that you are thankful for?

34. Energy-Absorbing Reaction Bonds are formed H2 + O2 H2O Reactants Products Energy-Absorbing Reaction Products Activation energy Reactants

35. Potential Energy • Energy at rest. Stored Energy.

36. Energy-Releasing Reaction Bonds are broken H2O H2 + O2 Reactants Products Energy-Releasing Reaction Decomposition Activation energy Reactants Products

37. Kinetic Energy • Energy in motion. Releasing energy.

38. Lactase Post Lab Discussion What happens when you alter the environment of an enzyme? What happens when you alter the active site of an enzyme?

39. Homeostasis Negative feedback systems & positive feedback systems

40. Welcome to the day you’ve been preparing for all semester long. You have 10 minutes to prepare for your presentation. Please hand in the presentation rubrics you were given. Good Luck! -Romanoffski

41. Why can’t scientists just inject your arm today with glo-fish genes and have you glow?

42. Review DNA Model Monomer & Polymer Sides vs. Center Base pairing Hydrogen Bonding # of DNA strands Antiparallel Helix Function Genes

43. What does a typical day look like for a cell? When does a cell divide? Is it the same for every cell?

44. How long do certain cells live within your body?

45. Let’s take a look at the life cycle of a somatic cell!

46. What is a somatic cell? • All body cells except sperm or egg cells 2. Somatic cells are Diploid Cell

47. What is a diploid cell? 2(N) # of sets # of DNA pieces in each set

48. What would a human somatic cell look like? 2(N) = 46 N = 23; 23 pieces from MOM & 23 from DAD

49. What is unique about mom and dads chromosomes? Dad’s & Mom’s Chromosomes are homologous – meaning they match up. Eye Color Gene Brown Eyes Blue Eyes Dad’s Chromo. Mom’s Chromo

50. JQ: Do you think humans will ever become immortal? Would you want to live forever?