m easurement & evaluation of human performance

measurement & evaluation of human performance

Statistical Analysis • Standard Deviation p.138 – 140 • Spread of scores around the mean (average) • Error bars = graphical representation of variability of the data • Practice: • Graph data p.140 http://www.analyze math.com/statistics/mean.html

Statistical Analysis • Coefficient of Variation p. 140 • V = ratio of the standard deviation to the mean expressed as a percentage. • V% = 100 x SD / mean • Using t-tests (read pages 141-142)

Fitness Testing • Why do we do fitness testing? http://www.mensfitness.co.uk/exercises/sport-workouts/554/mf-takes-football-fitness-test • Identify strengths & weaknesses • Monitor progress • Provide incentive/motivation • Talent identification

SNAP! • Reaction time test. • 4 players per game • 1 scorer per game

SNAP! a) Is SNAP aVALID test for reaction time? b) Is it SPECIFIC for Goal keeping in Football? c) How Accurate was the game? d) Did anyone count the cards before the game? Why not? e) Was everyone sitting equal distance from the cards? f) How Reliable is this test? g) Did all players know how to play the game? h) What did you think of the scorers? i) When you are conducting fitness tests or experiments you should always be professional. It is frustrating for tested candidates if they put maximum effort in and recorder is not taking it seriously, or accurately recording.

Reaction time • http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/sleep/sheep/reaction_version5.swf • Complete the online reaction time test. • 1st try with brightness up x2 • 2nd try with brightness down x2 • Graph & record results with SD

STUDY DESIGN • Outline the importance of the following in relation to fitness testing: • Specificity • Accuracy • Reliability • Validity Give examples! p. 143-144 *Read pages 144 - 145

Designing sport and exercise experiments • We need to know the Cause and Effect of experiments. For example; Does taking Red bull effect the starting time of a swimmer in a 50m freestyle race?

What is wrong with this design?? • Can we be sure that the changes in reaction time are due to the red bull? • Or could it be that there has been a learning or habituation effect? • How could we solve this problem?

How to overcome the learning/habituation problem – the use of a control group Experimental - Group Control - Group

What is wrong with this? A control group does not mean the experiment is well-designed. • Candidates with caffeine expect to do well and the control group probably expect to see no improvement. The results could be due to expectations of the candidates rather than the caffeine. • So what do we do?

Control group with placebo Experimental Group Control Group The placebo should taste the same and the groups should not be told if they are a Control group.This is known as BLINDING the candidates. Also known as a DOUBLE BLIND experiment, when the testers don’t know who’s been given the caffeine or the placebo, so no influence can take place.

Practice • Complete “To Do” page 145. • Be creative – you don’t have to actually do the experiment. • Watch this clip for inspiration: http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/videos/sports/reactiontime.html

Randomization • In an experiment you do not choose better candidates for the experiment to work how we want it to. • Instead, randomly allocate individuals to the groups. • Candidates can be grouped together based on their experiences, so they are evenly matched. Base this on a pre test.

PAR-Q • What is a PAR-Q? • Why are they necessary? • What happens if a person answers “Yes” to a PAR-Q question? • Find one online, copy and complete it

Testing • Field test v laboratory test • What do you want to test? • What do you have access to? • Remember accuracy& reliability! • Find an example of a field and lab test for the same thing.

Testing • Maximal test v sub-maximal test • People not used to undergoing maximal tests are likely to stop early • Submaxtests were then designed • They give an estimate of what the maximum would be • They are useful for children or inexperienced people not used to going to their ‘maximum’

Components of fitness • Physical Fitness: Ability to perform specific activities. • Health related fitness: for everyday activities • Performance related fitness: for specific sports

Major components of fitness • There are a wide range of physical components used in various sports. • You have been assigned a fitness component and must do the following: • Define it • Include health & performance related examples of it • Provide 2 fitness tests for that component

Fitness component Miguel Jorg James David Connor Ebba Christian O Pizza Brandon Georgie Thato • Body composition • Cardiovascular fitness • Strength • Speed • Power • Muscular endurance • Flexibility • Agility • Balance • Reaction time • Anaerobic fitness

Fitness components • Homework: p.150-153 • Why do we assess fitness components? • What are the similarities and difference between the multistage fitness test, Coopers 12 minute run, and the Harvard step test. • List the most significant advantage and disadvantage for each test (your opinion).

Principles of Training • A general training program must include: • Warm up & stretch • CV endurance training • Cool-down & stretch • Flexibility activities • Resistance training • Recreational activities

Principles of Training • QUESTION TIME: • Why do we warm up? • Why do we cool down? • What is resistance training? • Why are recreational activities necessary?

Principles of Training • What is the difference between static and dynamic stretching? • List the positive and negatives of both.

Principles of Training • Progression • Overload (frequency, intensity & duration) • Specificity • Reversibility • Variety • FITT PRINCIPLE..

Principles of Training • Define & explain the following: • Training Heart Rate (HR) concept • Karvonen method • Training HR zone • Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) * Complete “To Research” bottom of page 155

m easurement & evaluation of human performance