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Fallacies in Argumentation

There are different kinds of logical fallacies that people make in presenting their positions.

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Fallacies in Argumentation

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    1. Fallacies in Argumentation

    2. There are different kinds of logical fallacies that people make in presenting their positions.  This is a list of some of the major fallacies.  It is a good idea to be familiar with them so that you can point them out in a discussion thereby focusing the issues where they belong while exposing error.

    11. Circular Argument - supporting a premise with the premise rather than a conclusion. To clarify, no one is an “A student” by definition.  Grades are earned in every class and are derived from a variety of different methods.  The requirements in one class are set by the school and the instructor, so the same class taught by a different teacher or in a different location should yield two very different results (final grades).  Merely claiming to be an A student does not make the claim valid. Circular Argument - supporting a premise with the premise rather than a conclusion. To clarify, no one is an “A student” by definition.  Grades are earned in every class and are derived from a variety of different methods.  The requirements in one class are set by the school and the instructor, so the same class taught by a different teacher or in a different location should yield two very different results (final grades).  Merely claiming to be an A student does not make the claim valid.

    13. Proof: Show that the properties in question are the properties of the whole, and not of each part or member or the whole. If necessary, describe the parts to show that they could not have the properties of the whole. Proof: Show that the properties in question are the properties of the whole, and not of each part or member or the whole. If necessary, describe the parts to show that they could not have the properties of the whole.

    14. We'll skip the issue of whether low grades actually indicate whether a student is trying or not, and focus on the dilemma here, which is false. "Study more" and "drop out" are not necessarily contradictory. The contradiction of "drop out," for example, is "don't drop out," but that doesn't imply "study more." In other words, there are other alternatives besides studying more and dropping out. One might take difference classes, or learn to study more effectively, or study less and get more sleep the night before an exam. We'll skip the issue of whether low grades actually indicate whether a student is trying or not, and focus on the dilemma here, which is false. "Study more" and "drop out" are not necessarily contradictory. The contradiction of "drop out," for example, is "don't drop out," but that doesn't imply "study more." In other words, there are other alternatives besides studying more and dropping out. One might take difference classes, or learn to study more effectively, or study less and get more sleep the night before an exam.

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