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Chapter 30

Chapter 30. The Making of Industrial Society. What are we learning?. 1 st &. 2 nd industrial revolution Factors that led to industrialization (9 of them) Machines of industrialization Labor of industrialization Methods of industrialization Mitigating the effects of industrialization.

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Chapter 30

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  1. Chapter 30 The Making of Industrial Society

  2. What are we learning? • 1st &. 2nd industrial revolution • Factors that led to industrialization (9 of them) • Machines of industrialization • Labor of industrialization • Methods of industrialization • Mitigating the effects of industrialization

  3. What’s the difference? 1st Industrial revolution 2nd Industrial Revolution 1875 - 1905 Electric & Chemicals Communications Telephone Wireless Steel Flight • 1712 - 1830 • Textiles & steam • Learning the patent lesson • Iron & Coal • Both sides of the atlantic after America steals some technology

  4. Factors Leading to the rise of industrial production

  5. Europe’s Location on the Atlantic What centers of trade/trade patterns could be responsible for the locations that became industrialized by the 1850’s? How does proximity to shipping factor into industrialization? Explain the correlation between shipping and industrialization.

  6. Geographical distribution of coal, iron, timber Coal Mining in Great Britain 1800-191

  7. European demographic changes • Read your assigned text and prepare to explain to the class the following about your subject: • What was your issue like pre-Industrial Revolution? • What happened during the Industrial Revolution to change that? • What was your issue like post Industrial Revolution? • How did the changes or continuities in your issue change society as a whole?

  8. urbanization

  9. Improved agricultural productivity Here we go again! New World foods What foods are responsible for this amazing change in productivity? What technological innovations in the middle ages prepared the “soil” for this growth? What technological advances in the IR continued the revolution in productivity?

  10. Legal protection of private property Patent Laws Laws protecting the accumulation of wealth Laws favoring mercantilist practices

  11. Abundance of rivers and canals 1 canal barge = 100 mules Grand Trunk Canal

  12. Access to foreign resources

  13. Accumulation of capital Think Downtown Abbey Industry was a much faster way to accumulate wealth than land or agriculture

  14. Checking for understanding • On a separate piece of paper list the nine factors that led to industrialization in Europe and N. America. • Under each factor give one evidence of the factor. (SEE EXAMPLE BELOW) • FACTOR: LOCATION • EVIDENCE: The port of Liverpool is directly on the Atlantic ocean and made for easy transport of raw materials from around the world for production. You will turn this in at the end of the lesson – make sure your name is on it!

  15. Engines of change The Development of Machines

  16. Flying shuttle • John Kay – 1733 • Accelerated the weaving process

  17. Spinning Jenny • 1760 – spun thread from wool or cotton

  18. Mule • Samuel Crompton – Made the spinning Jenny more efficient. • By 1812 one spinner could produce as much yarn as 200 could prior to this invention when coupled with a Jenny.

  19. Water Frame • Richard Arkwright • Drove two pairs of rollers moving at different speeds. First installed in a single building which had 300 employees. • Horse power replaced by Watt’s steam engine in 1777. • Cotton manufacturing increased 130 times between 1770-1841.

  20. Cotton Gin • Cotton replaced wool, comfortable, cheap, popular. • (US or India) • Eli Whitney’s gin mechanically removed seeds from cotton • Increased demand for cotton meant an increased demand for slaves 3 million + were brought to the US

  21. Steam engine • James Watts • Patented in 1769 • Worked with Matthew Boulton ($)

  22. The power loom • Steam powered • Edmund Cartwright • Invented in 1785

  23. Steam Tractor • 1868 • Used for pulling loads from coal mines in Europe • Used for agriculture in USA • 1st gasoline powered John Froelich- Iowa

  24. Steam ship • John Fitch 1787 – first patent • Robert Fulton • 1807 Clermont • First commercially viable steamship

  25. Steam locomotive • 1814 “Blucher” • George Stephenson • Great Britain • He then proceeded to build the first railways to go with his new locomotive • Not the first to begin! Very competitive business!

  26. CHECKING FOR UNDERSTANDING #2 • Describe how competition and capitalism contributed to the productivity and sophistication of machines during the Industrial Revolution.

  27. DEVELOPMENT OF CAPITAL • FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS are expanded • Stock markets • Insurance • Gold standard • Limited Liability Corporations

  28. Fossil Fuels • The internal combustion engine (1858 Jean Joseph Lenoir – France) made it possible to exploit vast new resources of energy stored in fossil fuels • This makes fossil fuels valuable commodities • Who has them? • Who is going to want them? • What possible outcomes can you extrapolate?

  29. Labor of Change The Development of The Factory System

  30. Labor moves to the city • Urbanization • Factory towns • Factory housing • Population concentration

  31. Methods of change The Development of Industrial Methods

  32. New methods • Interchangeable parts • Centralization of production • Large scale production methods • Specialization of labor skills

  33. More production requires… • More raw materials, new markets, and more goods to sell in those markets. • What major process is this going to lead to? • More to come in chapter 33, stay tuned!

  34. Rapid development • The decline of economically productive, agriculturally based economies. • Why? What would cause agricultural economies to decline • If agriculture is declining, how is population continuing to increase? • What effect will industrialization have on agriculturally based economies?

  35. Mitigating the effects of Industrial capitalims The reform movements

  36. luddites • Protesting working conditions • Limit hours • Higher wages • Opposing capitalist exploitation

  37. New Utopian ideas Socialism Marxism Communist Manifesto Abolition of private property Radically egalitarian society Dictatorship of the proletariat • Utopian communities • Created for the good of the workers – not for the accumulation of wealth • Love, not coercion • New Lanark (Robert Owen) • Kids go to school not work

  38. Social Reformers • Government reforms (England) • 1832 – voting rights • Prohibitions about underground work • Regulation of child labor • Government reforms (Germany) • Otto von Bismark 1880’s • Medical insurance, unemployment, retirement • Trade Unions

  39. Checking for Understanding #3 • How did the ideas of socialism, communism, labor unions, and reformers contribute to the lives of the average laborer during the Industrial Revolution?

  40. Did you get it? • 1st &. 2nd industrial revolution • Factors that led to industrialization (9 of them) • Machines of industrialization • Labor of industrialization • Methods of industrialization • Mitigating the effects of industrialization

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