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Western Civilization

Greek mythology is a rich tapestry of stories told orally to impart lessons in behavior. It features gods, goddesses, and mythical creatures embodying human traits, including flaws. Key deities include Zeus, the god of justice; Hera, the goddess of marriage; Poseidon, the god of the sea; and many others. These myths not only explain natural phenomena but also explore human experience and morality, with narratives that encompass love, war, and wisdom. This brief review highlights essential myths and characters, providing insight into their lasting impact on Western civilization.

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Western Civilization

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  1. Western Civilization Greek Mythology A Brief Review

  2. Greek Mythology • Greek myths were stories told orally as lessons in behavior • Gods/Goddesses/Mythical Creatures had human traits, i.e. not perfect beings

  3. Zeus • Ruler of Mt. Olympus • god of justice and law • Main attributes: thunderbolt & eagle

  4. Zeus (images)

  5. Hera • Queen of the Olympian deities • goddess of marriage and birth • Attributes: peacock & crow

  6. Hera (images)

  7. Poseidon • god of the ocean • Powers of earthquakes, water, and horses • Attributes: • trident • rides a shell chariot pulled by horses

  8. Poseidon (images)

  9. Hades • god of the dead • Ruler of the Nether World • Cerebus (three headed dog) guards the entrance

  10. Hades (images)

  11. Persephone • goddess of the Underworld • Attributes: pomegranate • helps mother with the harvest three months of the year

  12. Persephone (images)

  13. Demeter • goddess of the harvest & seasons changing

  14. Demeter (images)

  15. Athena • goddess of wisdom, war, the arts, industry, justice and skill • Attributes: owl, aegis, war helmet • usually is accompanied by Nike(goddess of victory)

  16. Athena (images)

  17. Apollo • god of music, prophecy, medicine & disease • sometimes known as the Sun god • Attributes: the bow and arrow, on his head a laurel crown. • Most famous attribute is the tripod, the symbol of his prophetic powers

  18. Apollo (images)

  19. Artemis • goddess of the wilderness, the hunt and wild animals • twin of Apollo (sometimes known as the goddess of the moon) • Attributes: bow and arrow & deer

  20. Artemis (images)

  21. Hermes • Messenger of the gods • Also known to be the god of shepherds, and traveling • Attributes: winged shoes, sometimes winged hat, heralds staff

  22. Hermes (images)

  23. Eros • god of Love • Arrows came in two types: • golden with dove feathers which aroused love, or • leaden arrows which had owl feathers that caused indifference

  24. Eros

  25. Aphrodite • goddess of love & beauty • Attributes: the dolphin, the dove, the swan, the pomegranate and the lime tree.

  26. Aphrodite (images)

  27. Hephaestus • god of fire, • especially the blacksmith's fire • god of volcanoes • Hephaestus born weak & crippled

  28. Hephaestus (images)

  29. Dionysus • god of Wine • also patron god of the Greek stage • complete opposite of Athena (passionate, full of emotions & ecstatic)

  30. Dionysus (images)

  31. Other gods, goddesses, nymphs, heroes etc… • Ares: god of War • Hercules: Greek Hero • 9 Muses: daughter of Zeus and Memory (nymph) ~ Clio(history) ~ Calliope(literature, art, or science) ~ Euterpe(lyric poetry) ~ Melpomene(tragedy) ~ Terpsichore(choral dance and song) ~ Erato (love of poetry) ~ Polyhymnia(sacred poetry) ~ Urania (astronomy) ~ Thalia (comedy)

  32. Other lesser gods, goddesses, nymphs, Heroes etc… Three Graces: represent beauty, charm and joy. The Graces presided over banquets and gatherings primarily to entertain and delight the guests of the Gods. Three Fates: spin the thread of human destiny, cut the thread sending human souls to the underworld Three Furies:punished those who escaped or defied public justice Nemesis: avenging goddess, righteous anger of the gods particularly towards the proud and insolent Pan & the Satyrs: deities of the woods & fields (1/2 man 1/2 goat)

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