Lecture (11)

1. Lecture (11)

2. AP & AP Axial Exposure Factors • Clavicle Patient position Erect Part position • Arms at side chin raised looking straight ahead • For AP posterior shoulder contact with cassette • For PA anterior shoulder contact with cassette and • Chin raised up • Expose on suspend expiration which help to • elevate clavicle

3. Central Ray For AP& PA Perpendicular • For AP axial either15-30 cephalic or • Perpendicular with patient leaning backward • 15-30 degrees • Center Point Mid clavicle Structures shown Entire clavicle including both acromioclavicular And sternoclavicular joints

5. Exposure Factors • Acromioclavicular joints • AP Bilateral standing with & without weigh Patient position Erect • Part position • Adjust mid point of cassette to level of A.C joints • Center MSP to midline of cassette • Patient should hold sandbags of equal • weight in each hand • Second radiograph must obtained without weight • Expose on suspend expiration

6. Central Ray Perpendicular • Center Point Mid point between A.C joints • Structures shown Both acromioclavicular joints, as well as entire clavicles and sternoclavicular joints

7. AP Lateral • Scapula & coracoids' process • Basic Projection AP Scapula Exposure Factors Patient position Erect or supine • Part position • Abduct arm and flex elbow • Support arm near head • Center scapular area to cassette • ( 2 inches inferior to coracoid process

8. Central Ray Perpendicular • Center Point Mid scapula( 2 inches inferior to coracoid process) • Structures shown Lateral border of scapula free of superimposition Medial portion of scapula through the thoracic structures

9. Exposure Factors • Lateral Scapula Patient position Erect or prone oblique (semi prone ) Part position Center affected scapula to cassette Extend affected arm across affected chest Adjust body so scapula in lateral and free from ribs cage Central Ray Perpendicular Center Point Mid vertebral border of scapula

10. Lateral Scapula

11. Lateral Scapula