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CHAPTER 3 Communities and Biomes

CHAPTER 3 Communities and Biomes. You will identify factors that limit the existence of species to certain areas. You will describe how and why different communities form. You will compare and contrast biomes of the planet earth. LIVING IN THE COMMUNITY As the world turns.

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CHAPTER 3 Communities and Biomes

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  1. CHAPTER 3Communities and Biomes You will identify factors that limit the existence of species to certain areas. You will describe how and why different communities form. You will compare and contrast biomes of the planet earth

  2. LIVING IN THE COMMUNITYAs the world turns • Communities are interacting populations of different species. • Abiotic and biotic factors interact and result in conditions that are suitable for life for some organisms and unsuitable for other organisms • Biotic - living factors • Abiotic factors - nonliving things

  3. LIMITING FACTORSEnvironmental factors that affect an organism’s ability to survive its environment. • ---- FOOD • ---- PREDATORS • ---- TEMPERATURE • Any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence, numbers, reproduction, or distributions of organisms.

  4. Range Of Tolerance • The ability of an organism to withstand fluctuations in biotic an abiotic environmental factors. • For example: • A range of temperatures • A difference of soil types • Amount of sunlight • Elevation

  5. SUCCESSION • Changes over time • Orderly, natural changes • Species replacements that take place in the communities of an ecosystem.

  6. Stages of Succession • Different species at different stages create conditions that are suitable for some organisms and not suitable for others. • Two types of succession: • --------- Primary succession • --------- Secondary succession

  7. Primary SuccessionColonization of new sites by communities of organisms. • First species in an area are called pioneer plants • Example: Lichen • A stable mature community that undergoes little or no change in species is a climax community

  8. Secondary Succession • Community changes that take place after a community is disrupted by natural disasters or human actions • Lightning or flood • Farmer abandoning a field

  9. ECOSYSTEMS THAT HAVE SIMILIAR KINDS OF CLIMAX COMMUNITIES. LAND BIOMES: TERRESTRIAL BIOMES LAKE, STREAMS, OCEANS: AQUATIC BIOMES

  10. Aquatic BiomesLife in the Water • Marine Biomes • Separate marine biomes into: • Shallow • Sunlit zones Photic zone • Deeper • Unlighted zones Aphotic zone • Estuary: coastal body of water, partially surrounded by land, in which freshwater and saltwater mix.

  11. Marine BiomeThe Effects of Tides Twice a day • Intertidal zone: The portion of the shoreline that lies between the high and low tides. • Tide pools: Pools of water left when the water recedes at low tide, vary greatly in nutrients and oxygen levels from the ocean. • Much light but organisms have to contend with the crashing of waves.

  12. The Moon Phases and Tides

  13. Terrestrial Biomes Temperature and precipitation influence the kind of climatic community that develops in parts of the world. Longitude, latitude and elevation also have an effect of the climatic community.

  14. Key Terms • Climax community Limiting factor • Primary succession Secondary succession • Aphotic zone Biome Desert • Estuary Grassland Tundra • Permafrost Photic zone Plankton • Taiga Temperate forest • Tropical rain forest Intertidal zone

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