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Slavery and Slaving in Nineteenth Century Africa

J. W. Buel, Heroes of the Dark Continent (New York, 1890), p. 66. GR, from map at Beit-al-Ajaib, Zanzibar. Slavery and Slaving in Nineteenth Century Africa. Defining Slavery (and Freedom). Slavery = diverse

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Slavery and Slaving in Nineteenth Century Africa

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  1. J. W. Buel, Heroes of the Dark Continent (New York, 1890), p. 66. GR, from map at Beit-al-Ajaib, Zanzibar Slavery and Slaving in Nineteenth Century Africa HI177 | A History of Africa since 1800 Term 1 | Week 3 | Dr Sacha Hepburn

  2. Defining Slavery (and Freedom) • Slavery = diverse • Slaves ‘occupied a wide range of roles and positions in African states and societies’ (Stilwell) • Related to other forms of forced/coerced labour: indentured servitude, serfdom • Debate: freedom and slavery as oppositional or on a spectrum of dependency?

  3. Slave Systems in Africa • External trades • Trans-Saharan trade • East African trade • Transatlantic trade • Internal trade • Domestic slavery/household slavery • Common features: trade in men, women and children; hereditary status of slaves; violence

  4. Slave Trades Out of Africa http://www.slavevoyages.org/assessment/intro-maps

  5. The Transatlantic Trade David and Charles Livingstone, Narrative of an Expedition to the Zambesi and its Tributaries; and of the Discovery of the Lakes Shirwa and Nyassa, 1858-1864 (London, 1865), facing p. 356.

  6. Role of African Slave States • Key states: • Senegambia • Sierra Leone • Gold Coast • Dahomey, Yoruba • Niger Delta (Bight of Benin) • Angola • Slave trading and predation  • Impact of European demand Sarah Tucker, Abbeokuta; or, sunrise within the tropics: an outline of the origin and progress of the Yoruba mission (London, 1853), facing p. 66.

  7. Major coastal regions from which captives left Africa, 1500-1900 http://www.slavevoyages.org/assessment/intro-maps

  8. Volume and direction of the Transatlantic Trade http://www.slavevoyages.org/assessment/intro-maps

  9. The Transatlantic Trade in Numbers P. E. Lovejoy, Transformations in Slavery (New York, 2012), p. 19.

  10. Abolition • 1802: Denmark declares its trade illegal • 1807: Britain and America outlaw the slave trade • 1810: British begin detaining slave ships of other nations • Mid-1840s-1851: Cuba and Brazil take action • But expansion of slaveholding in Africa http://www.slavevoyages.org/resources/images/category/Slaves/7

  11. Impacts of Slavery on African Societies • Political/economic • Easiest impacts to determine? • Fusion of economic and political power = mercantilism • Disintegration of powerful states, though not entirely result of slave trade • Social/demographic • Internal African trade helped African households and societies to increase numbers • But devastating impact of Transatlantic trade • Increased slavery within Africa as result of Transatlantic trade, particularly female slavery

  12. Africa Book & Film Series Term 1 Programme Film: Nairobi Half-Life (2012) Wednesday 17th October, 5-7pm (R0.21) I Am Not A Witch (2017) Monday 12th November, 6-8pm (H0.52) Book: Chinua Achebe, Things Fall Apart (1962) Wednesday 5th December, 5-7pm (S0.10)

  13. Questions? Email: s.hepburn@warwick.ac.uk Office hours: Monday 3-4pm and Thursday 2-3pm, or by appointment

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