LHCb Upgrade: Flavour Physics at High Luminosity

1. LHCb Upgrade:Flavour Physics at High Luminosity Chris Parkes • LHCb - Aims for first phase (~2013) • SuperLHCb physics – Probing New Physics • Technology - Vertex Trigger, Radiation Level • Conclusion- Forward Plan Thanks to LHCb collaborators, notably: Hans Dijkstra, Jim Libby, Franz Muheim, Guy Wilkinson, EPS HEP Conference, Manchester, Detector Session, July 21st 2007

2. 250 mrad 10 mrad p p Dedicated B System CP Violation & Rare Decay Experiment • Full spectrum of B hadrons: • Bs system, All angles, sides of both CKM s • Lots of events !

3. LHCb Construction on Schedule RICH1 VELO Trackers Calorimeters Muon RICH2 Magnet

4. Flavour Physics Progress • Spectacular progress in heavy flavour physics: • Baseline measurement ACP (J/y KS) • Bs Oscillations Measurement, Charm results • Impressive range of additional measurements • LHCb Goals - First Phase 10 fb-1 • First observation of very rare decay • Bs mixing phase • Unitarity Triangle Today at 0.01 rad γ at few degrees 10 fb-1 LHCb + lattice • BDK • BsDsK • B(s)h+h− exploiting U-spin

5. LHCb Physics Programme Limited by Detector But NOT Limited by LHC • Upgrade to extend Physics reach • Exploit advances in detector technology • Radiation Hard Vertex Detector • Displaced Vertex Trigger • Better utilise LHC capabilities • Timescale, 2015 • Collect ~100 fb-1 data • Modest cost compared with existing accelerator infrastructure • Independent of • LHC upgrade • SLHC not needed • But compatible • with SLHC phase

6. Upgrade Physics Programme Examples • Complementary to ATLAS / CMS direct searches • New particles are discovered • LHCb measure flavour couplings through loop diagrams • No new particles are found • LHCb probe NP at multi-TeV energy scale • CP Violation • Angle  to better than 10 • Tree Diagram Dominated Decays, <<10 theory • Gluonic Penguins BdK0 • Rare Decays • Angular Correlations • - Not just Afb • Charm Physics • Mixing studies in D0→hh • CPV searches LHCb 2 fb-1 superimposed • Rare decays, eg. D(0)(s)→l+l- [(Xu,s)]

7. Bs mixing phase Also measure from loops - penguin dominated  = New Physics ! CDF ms Ligeti et al. [hep-ph/0604112] Blanke & Buras [hep-ph/0703117] Standard LHCb 1 Year SM Little Higgs Model Upgrade can achieve 10% measurement of SM

8. Initial Phase of LHCb Operations rate of pp interactions • Displaced Vertex trigger • 2nd level of triggering • Multiple Interactions • Limit Triggering • Defocus LHC beams • LHCb L= 2x1032 cm-2s-1 • Factor 50 below ATLAS/CMS design L • Most events have single interaction • Data taking starts 2008 • LHCb UpgradeL= 2x1033 cm-2s-1 • Cope with 4 int./x-ing • SLHC peakL= 8×1034 cm-2s-1 • Baseline - 40MHz, alternate High, Low I LHCb H L Select Low I for desired luminosity GPDs H H Effective 20MHz Crossing rate

9. LHCb Trigger System • Existing 1st Level Trigger 1MHz readout • Veto on multiple • interactions • Existing Trigger based on: • High pT Muons • Calorimeter Clusters Current 1st Level Trigger Performance • Cope with 4 interactions / beam crossing Events with muons – trigger efficient Events with hadrons – need improved trigger Require Displaced Vertex Trigger At 1st level

10. Trigger Gains – 40 MHz readout • Improve efficiency for • hadrons and photons • εTrig(B→hadronic) ~ 25-35% • εTrig(B→γX) ~ 30-40% • εTrig(B→μμX) ~ 60-70% • Higher Level Trigger • Only limitations • CPU • Algorithmic Ingenuity • (Former) improves with Moore’s Law

11. Radiation Hard Vertex Locator 1 m Active Silicon only 8mm from LHC beam • Upgrade Requires high radiation tolerance device >1015 1 MeV neutroneq /cm2 • Strixels / Pixels • n-on-p, MCz, 3D VELO Module x 390 mrad y 60 mrad 8cm x 15 mrad z Pixel layout Z Beam

12. LHCb Upgrade Baseline & Issues PWO crystals ECAL • Trigger in CPU Farm • Event building at 40 MHZ, CPU power OK • Hadron efficiency ~ factor two improvement • Read-out all detector 40MHz • Replace all FE Electronics • Vertex locator, Silicon Tracker, RICH HPD, • Outer Tracker FE, Calorimeter FE boards • Radiation Damage • Need to replace Velo anyway • Inner part of Shashlik Calorimeter • Inner part of silicon tracker • Remove muon chamber before Calorimeter • Occupancy • Inner part of outer tracker, 6%25% • Increase silicon coverage (faster gas, scintillating fibres) • Tracking algorithms for higher occupancy Inner / Outer Tracker

13. Upgrade Summary ? ? ? ? • Major Physics Programme at modest cost • Flavour Sector of New Physics • s measurement • Precision  • Critical Technology • Radiation Hard Vertex Detector • With Displaced Vertex Trigger • Compatible with but independent of SLHC Upgrade Lowry LHCb preparation in good shape Looking forward to first data And an even brighter far future

14. University of Glasgow, Scotland 1st - 5th September 2008 The conference explores the scientific and technical developments of detector systems used in: Astronomy and space science; Astrophysics; Condensed matter studies; Industrial applications; Life sciences; Medical physics; Nuclear Physics, Particle physics and Synchrotron based science. National Organising Committee (subject to change) P.P. Allport, Liverpool R.L. Bates, Glasgow A.J. Bird, Southampton C.R. Cunningham, UK ATC, Edinburgh G.E. Derbyshire, STFC, RAL P. Evans, ICR, London R. Farrow, STFC, Daresbury W. Faruqi, MRC, Cambridge M. Grande, Aberystwyth P.R. Hobson, Brunel D.P. Langstaff, Aberystwyth P.J. Nolan, Liverpool D.J. Parker, Birmingham P.J. Sellin, Surrey A. Smith, MSSL, London R. Speller, UCL, London T.J. Sumner, IC, London S. Watts, Manchester psd8@physics.gla.ac.uk http://www.psd8.physics.gla.ac.uk