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IMPRESSIONISM – Paris, the 1870s WHAT WAS SO “MODERN” ABOUT IT?

Impressionism "All that is solid melts into air" (Marx and Engels, Communist Manifesto, 1848) "Capture your Moments" (Kodak ad, 1888). IMPRESSIONISM – Paris, the 1870s WHAT WAS SO “MODERN” ABOUT IT? How can it have been avant-garde when it is so easy to like, not at all “shocking”?.

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IMPRESSIONISM – Paris, the 1870s WHAT WAS SO “MODERN” ABOUT IT?

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  1. Impressionism"All that is solid melts into air" (Marx and Engels, Communist Manifesto, 1848)"Capture your Moments" (Kodak ad, 1888)

  2. IMPRESSIONISM – Paris, the 1870s WHAT WAS SO “MODERN” ABOUT IT? How can it have been avant-garde when it is so easy to like, not at all “shocking”?

  3. (left) Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Portrait of Claude Monet. 1875, o/c, Musée d'Orsay, Paris (right) Claude Monet. Self-Portrait. 1886, o/c, private collection, Paris(center) Edouard Manet, Portrait of Monet, 1880, india ink on paper, Musée Marmottan

  4. (left)Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832) Color Theory, 1805-1829(center) Michel-Eugène Chevreul, color wheel, c.18601888—First Kodak Camera

  5. Claude Monet: Northern Coast of France (La Manche, or English Channel),

  6. James Whistler (American expatriate in London) - Harmony in Blue and Silver, Trouville, 1865

  7. James Whistler, Nocturne in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket, 1875Oil on wood, 23 3/4 x 18 3/8 in. (60.3 x 46.6 cm) Detroit Institute of Artshttp://blogs.princeton.edu/wri152-3/rpower/archives/001951.htmlInformation re. 1877 slander suit against John Ruskin“I have seen, and heard, much of cockney impudence before now; but never expected a coxcomb to ask two hundred guineas for flinging a pot of paint in the public’s face” - Ruskin, 1877 review

  8. Gustave Courbet, Low tide, Trouville, 1865

  9. Eugène Boudin (French, 1824-1898), (top) Vacationers on the Beach at Trouville, 1864;(bottom) Boudin,. The Beach at Deauville, 1863, oil on canvas Painting out of doors: “en plein air”

  10. (top) Claude Monet, The Beach at St-Address, 1867Bottom) Boudin, View of Portrieux,1865

  11. Precursor painters – sources of Impressionism

  12. John Constable (English), The Haywain, 1821

  13. Constable, Cloud Study, 1822, Oil on paper laid on board,12 x 19 1/4 inchesCourtauld Institute Galleries, London

  14. Joseph Mallord William Turner (English, 1775-1851), Rain, Steam & Speed: The Great Western Railroad, exhibited in 1844 at the Royal Academy, London, oil on canvas. Romantic landscape painter studied by Claude Monet in London in1870 (in refuge from the Franco-Prussian war.

  15. Théodore Rousseau (French, 1812-1867) Forest of Fontainebleau, Morning, 1850“Barbison School”

  16. Eugene Delacroix (French Romantic painter), (top) Tiger Hunt, 1854(bottom) Odalisque, 1855, oil on wood with source photographic studyGestural painting and optical theory. Orientalist, not a Painter of Modern Life “Delacroix, an alchemist of color, miraculous, profound, mysterious, sensual, awesome: explosive color and subdued color, a penetrating harmony. The gestures of man and animal. The scowl of the beast, the snufflings of animality.” - Charles Baudelaire

  17. (left) Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, Madame Leblanc 1823 Oil on canvas. Metropolitan MA, New York City; Eugène Delacroix. Self Portrait. c.1837. oïl on canvas. Louvre, Paris

  18. Claude Monet, Luncheon on the Grass, 1866

  19. (left) Claude Monet, Dejeuner sur l’herbe (Luncheon on the Grass), 1866, Oil on canvas. Edouard Manet, Dejeuner sur l’herbe, 1863

  20. Claude Monet, La Grenouillere 1869, oil on canvas 75x100cmMetropolitan Museum of Art, NY

  21. Claude Monet, La Grenouillère, 1869 Auguste Renoir, La Grenouillère ("The Frog Pond") 1869Painted side by side at Bougival on the Seine river

  22. • Monet, The Thames at Westminster, 1871, Oil on canvas, 47 x 72.5 cm (18 1/2 x 28 1/2"), National Gallery, London

  23. First Impressionist Exhibition 15 April 1874: “Exhibition of the Société Anonyme of Painters, Sculptors, and Printmakers”(left) Nadar (Gaspard-Felix Tournachon) (1820-1910) Nadar¹s Studio at 35 Boulevard des Capucines’(right) Claude Monet, Boulevard des Capucines, 1873 (31 1/4 x 23 1/4") A new view: one of Emperor Louis-Napoleon and Baron Haussmann’s new boulevards

  24. Edward Anthony (American, 1818–1888); Henry T. Anthony (American, 1814–1884) Broadway on a Rainy Day, 1859; Albumen silver prints from glass negatives; Each 2 13/16 x 2 13/16 in. (7.2 x 7.2 cm) Stereograph. (right) Claude Monet, Boulevard des Capucines, 1873 (31 1/4 x 23 1/4") Compare: Stop-action or "instantaneous" stereographic views by Anthony brothers, New York’s first manufacturers of cameras and photographic supplies, with Monet’s flickering “impression.”

  25. Claude Monet, Impression, Sunrise 1873

  26. Monet, Railroad Bridge at Argenteuil, 1874Anonymous, photo of the Argenteuil Railway Bridge, c. 1895 The Impressionist Eye is, in short, the most advanced eye in human evolution Jules Laforgue

  27. Monet, The Gare Saint-Lazare, 1877, National Gallery, London

  28. (left) Katsushika Hokusai, South Wind, Clear Dawn, from Thirty Six Views of Mount Fuji, c. 1830-2, color woodblock, 10 x 15”(right) Claude Monet,Haystack, Sunset, 1891, oil on canvas, 28 x 36in, MFA BostonMonet’s 23 views of haystacks (1891-2) under various light conditions is thought to be influenced by Hokusai’s 36 views of Mount Fuji. Monet owned a copy of this print by Hokusai. “People are not sufficiently aware of how much our contemporary landscape Artists have borrowed from these pictures, especially Monet, whom I often encounter at Bing’s in the little attic where Levy is in charge of the Japanese prints.” Edmund de Goncourt, 1892

  29. Monet, Rouen Cathedral, the West Portal, Dull Weather dated 1894, painted 1892Oil on canvas 39 3/8 x 25 5/8 in. (100 x 65 cm) Musee d'Orsay, Parishttp://www.learn.columbia.edu/monet/swf/Click for information about Monet’s Rouen Cathedral series, 1892-4

  30. Monet, Rouen Cathedral, the West Portal and Saint-Romain Tower, Full Sunlight, Harmony in Blue and Gold, dated 1894, painted 1893, Oil on canvas, 42 1/8 x 28 3/4 in. Musee d'Orsay, Paris

  31. Claude Monet, Water Lilies (The Clouds) 1903 Oil on canvas (29 3/8 x 41 7/16 in.) Private collection

  32. Monet's home and garden at Giverny(below right) Studio constructed for the Nympheas (Water lilies) Series

  33. (left) Utagawa Hiroshige, Wisteria Blooms Over Water at Kameido, from One Hundred Views of Edo, c. 1857, color woodblock 14 x 9 in. Brooklyn MA(below) Claude Monet, Water Lilies and Japanese Bridge, 1899, oil on canvas, Princeton University

  34. While the Orangerie museum [Paris] was rebuilt around them for six years, Monet's waterlily paintings, too large to move, had to remain in place in the oval rooms built for them in 1927. (NYTimes, May 14, 2006)

  35. (left) photoportrait of Pierre-Auguste Renoir Frédéric Bazille, Portrait of Pierre-Auguste Renoir1867, Oil on canvas, (37 x 32 1/3 in); Musee d'Orsay, Paris

  36. Claude Monet, La Grenouillère, 1869Auguste Renoir, La Grenouillère ("The Frog Pond") 1869Painted side by side at Bougival on the Seine river

  37. Renoir, The Dance at the Moulin de La Galette (Montmartre), 1876

  38. (left) Auguste Renoir, Torso of a Woman in Sunlight, 1876 (Impressionism, considered first modern, democratic art movement, born out of the class revolution that brought down the Ancien Régime) Hedonism and veiled eroticism(right) Jean-Honoré Fragonard, Bathers, 1756 (Rococo, considered the cultural epitome of French aristocracy, the Ancien Régime swept away by the class revolutions beginning in 1789) Hedonism and veiled eroticism

  39. (right) Berthe Morisot (French, 1841-95), Self Portrait, 1885; (left) Edouard Manet, Portrait of Berthe Morisot, 1872

  40. Morisot, The Cradle (sister Edma and child), 1872, o/c (Morisot married in 1874)Exhibited in the First Impressionist exhibition. Morisot exhibited in 7 of the 8 Impressionist exhibitions.

  41. Berthe Morisot, Hide-and-Seek, 1873, Oil on canvas, 45 x 55 cm (17 3/4 x 21 5/8"); The models are Berthe Morisot's sister Edma and Edma's daughter Jeanne.Berthe

  42. Morisot, The Wet Nurse Angèle Feeding Julie Manet, 1880. Private collection

  43. Mary Cassatt (American, 1845-1926), Little Girl in a Blue Armchair, 1978, oil on canvas, 35 X 51” (88.9 x 129.5 cm). Point of view, photographic cropping, sensuous immediacy = modern painting

  44. (left) Auguste Renoir, The Loge, 1874 (right) Mary Cassatt, In the Loge, 1880

  45. Mary Cassatt,In the Omnibus, drypoint and aquatint in colors, series of 10, 1890-91Suzuki Harunobu, (Japanese Ukiyo-e printmaker) 1724-1770) Women and Child, woodblock print, c.1750Ukiyo-e prints were key source for modernist form - flatness, rejection of Renaissance illusionism - but also in content: daily life of the middle and working classes.

  46. Women's Building, Sophie Hayden, architect World Columbian Exhibition of 1893 in Chicago, featuring Cassatt’s Modern Woman mural: 12’- 58’ (lost)

  47. Young Women Picking Fruit of Knowledge and Science, 1892 Women’s Building, Chicago Worlds Fair

  48. (below) Edgar Degas, The Tub, 1886, pastel on paper, 23 x 32”(left) Katsushika Hokusai, Women at the Public Bath, from the Manga vol. I, c. 1820, color woodblock, 7 x 4” In the manga, Degas said, he found relief from Western art’s obsession with “the female form divine.” European artists continually borrowed motifs from the manga. Both subject matter –contemporary woman bathing – andstyle that was considered radically anti-academic and modern, are directly influenced by Japanese art.

  49. Motion Photography and the Beginnings of Cinema Eadweard Muybridge, 1879

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