Parts of Speech

1. Parts of Speech

2. Parts of Speech noun verb pro. adj. adv. prep. interj. conj.

3. Kinds of Sentences declarative- makes a statement and ends with a period. Example: The house will be built on a hill. interrogative- asks a question and ends with a question mark. Example: How did you find the card? exclamatory-shows strong feeling and ends with an exclamation mark. Example: The monster is attacking! imperative- gives a command. Example: Cheryl, try the other door. sometimes the subject of an imperative sentence (you) is understood. Example: Look in the closet. (You, look in the closet.)

4. The Clause S subject P predicate (verb) dependent independent

5. The Dependent/Subordinate Clause Dependent or subordinate clauses are introduced with subordinating conjunctions: after even though than while although if that whether as in order that though as if rather than unless because since until before so that when

6. The Phrase Groups of words that do not contain both a subject and a verb. Collectively, the words in the phrases function as a single part of speech. prepositional - preposition + object and modifiers; act as adjectives or adverbs infinitive - “to” + verb; act as adjectives, adverbs or nouns appositive - renames, or identifies, a noun or pronoun participial - past or present verb form + modifiers; acts as an adjective gerund - an “-ing” verb form + its complements and modifiers; acts as a noun absolute - a noun or pronoun followed by a participle

7. Clauses and Punctuation • A dependent clause that appears at the beginning of a sentence must be separated from the independent clause in the sentence by a comma. • D,I • After it snowed, the earth appeared serene and magical. • When two independent clauses are joined together in one sentence without a coordinating conjunction, they must be separated by a semicolon. • I;I • The monkey climbed; he liked the tall tree. • When two independent clauses are joined into one sentence by a coordinating conjunction such as “for,” “and,” “nor,” “but,” “or,” “yet,” or “so,” the writer must place a comma before the coordinating conjunction. • I,ccI • Jessica loves John, and John loves Jenny.

8. D, I I D complex I, cc I I;I • compound

9. You must have agreement or your sentence is dead. D.O. I.O. subject predicate S.C. Theflower are here.

10. You must also have pronoun antecedent agreement, or your sentence is dead. antecedent pronoun The artist went to the store; they needed paint.

12. The Logic of Sentence Analysis D.O. I.O. A.V. subject L.V. S.C. Find the subject/predicate set. Is the verb ACTION or LINKING? If the verb is action, then Do not look for a subject complement. Look for a direct object. If you find a direct object, then Look for an indirect object. If the verb is linking, then Do not look for a direct object. Look for a subject complement.

13. Four-Level Sentence Analysis The modesty of the demand shook me. Parts of Speech: adj. noun. prep. adj. noun. v. pro. direct object Parts of Sentence: pred. subject Phrases: --- prepositional phrase--- Clauses: one independent clause, simple sentence

14. diffidence, placid, adhere, quietus, miscreant, quixotic, reproof, condescend, somber, enigma, phlegmatic, undulate, sublime, resolute, strident, din, amicable, amorous, raconteur, profound, dejection, placid, amiably, tedious, mea culpa, perplex, impede, interpose, incisive, impassive, admonish, aperture, avidly, perfidious, miasma, abject, portal, fain, sanguinary, retort, blithe, imperiously, hauteur, patronize, aloof, boon, cypher, wince, defray, genial, cadaverous, artifice, remonstrate, nether, upbraid, solicitous, proffer, conveyance, mauve, hitherto, succulent, ardent, tremulous, recriminate, assail, virulent, insinuate Peter Pan By James M. Barrie

15. vulnerable, reserved, privy, feigned, levity, revelation, plagiaristic, scorn, marred, suppressions, fundamental, decencies, parceled, conduct, corky, founded, riotous, imperceptibly, glimpses, exempt, unaffected, abortive, prominent, bungalow, conferred, conviction, epigram, shrill, contour, perpetual, courtesy, phenomenon, superficial, bizarre, divan, colossal, eyesore, proximity, acute, anticlimax, reproach, gayety, wistfully, feebly, turbulence, irrecoverable, supercilious, effeminate, leverage, coherence, sophisticated, fractiousness, defiant, vista, pungent, ajar, buoyed, cynical, conscientious, murmur, surname, irrelevant, skepticism, gay, ecstatically, desolate, mourning, wail, claret, decisively, deft, retorted, incredulously, accentuated, reciprocal, wan, contemptuously, imperatively, languidly, diminished, settee, radiantly, hulking, unobtrusively, bantering, bellows, pessimist, ferociously, fervent, infinitesimal, pathetic, verandas, content, extemporizing, devoid, subdued, audible, verge, ceased, nightingale, decisively, hardy, intriguing, vigil, tangible, turbulent, sedative, ether, compel, crimson, glinted, asserted, rotogravure, anon, peremptorily, corroborated, libel, banns, egotism, wayside, roller, silhouette, intimation The Great Gatsby Chapter One By F. Scott Fitzgerald

16. Stem Definition Examples: ante (before) antedate, antecedent, antebellum, anterior, antemeridiem, antepenult anti (against) anti-aircraft, antibody, anticlimax, anticline, antitoxin, antithesis

17. Stem Definition Examples: anthropo (human being) misanthrope, anthropology, anthropocentric, philanthropic, auto (self) autocrat, automatic, autograph, autobiography, automaton

18. Stem Definition Examples: bi (two) bilateral, bicycle, binary, biped, bimonthly, bipolar, binocular circum (around) circumnavigate, circumspect, circumvent, circumlocution

19. Stem Definition Examples: com (together) combination, comfort, complete, commensurate, common, combo con (together) contract, confidence, confine, confederate, conjunction, contact

20. Stem Definition Examples: crat (rule, govern) autocrat, aristocratic, democrat, theocracy, bureaucrat cred (believe, trust) incredulous, credibility, credence, incredible, credit, credential

21. Stem Definition Examples: de (down, away, from) deposit, descent, despicable, deduct, denounce, demolish dis (away) distract, distort, dispute, dissonant, disperse, dismiss, dissuade

22. Stem Definition Examples: equi (equal) equitable, equilateral, equivocate, equinox, equation, equilibrium extra (beyond) extraterrestrial, extraordinary, extravagant, extrovert, extramural

23. Stem Definition Examples: grad (step, degree, rank) gradual, graduate, gradation, grade, gradum grat (pleasing, thankful) grateful, gratitude, ingratiate, congratulate, gratify

24. Stem Definition Examples: inter (between) international, interdepartmental, interstellar, interject, interlude intra (within) intracellular, intravenous, intracranial, intrastate, intrauterine

25. Stem Definition Examples: intro (into) introduce, introspective, introvert, introject, introrse, intromission in (not, go into) inaccurate, incongruous, indolence, insidious, inhabit, invoke

26. Stem Definition Examples: logy (study or theory of) biology, ecology, geology, cosmology, sociology, etymology lat (side or wide) lateral, bilateral, latitude, latitudinal

27. Stem Definition Examples: logue (speech, word, idea, reason) prologue, dialogue, monologue, epilogue, logical , logotype mis (bad) misfit, mistake, misfortune, misfire, misery, miser, misdeed

28. Stem Definition Examples: mal (bad) maladjusted, malfunction, malice, malady, malnutrition, malevolent non (not) nonstop, nonprofit, none, nonchalant, nonconformity

29. Stem Definition Examples: post (after) postgraduate, posthumous, postscript, posterity, posterior, pre (before) prelude, preposition, premonition, premature, predict, predecessor

30. Stem Definition Examples: pro (forward) promote, protagonist, produce, proficient, progress, per (through) percolate, pervasive, permeate, perfunctory, perspective, perceive

31. Stem Definition Examples: semi (half) semitone, semiaquatic, semicircle, semiweekly, semiannual, sub (under, beneath) subterranean, subtract, subterfugesubservient, subordinate,

32. Stem Definition Examples: super (over) supervise, superb, superior, superfluous, supercilious, syn (together) synthetic, synchronize, syndrome, synonym, synopsis, syntax

33. Stem Definition Examples: spect (see, look, behold) spectator, introspective, spectacle, inspect, spectacular sol (sun, alone) solstice, solarium, solar, solo, solitary, soliloquy

34. Stem Definition Examples: sym (together) sympathy, symbiosis, symbol, symmetry, symphony, symposium tri (three) tricycle, triangle, triceps, triad, trichotomy, triceratops, trivia

35. Stem Definition Examples: un (not) unfit, unequal, undone, unequivocal, unearned, unconventional, untenable

36. Stem Definition Examples: ver (truth) verify, verdant, vernacular, veracity, verbatim, veritable,