採用 IFRS 之國家如何解決會計問題爭端

採用IFRS之國家如何解決會計問題爭端 勤業眾信會計師事務所審計部協理黃桂榮 2009年12月9日

IFRSSICs and IFRICs Before 2002 March After 2002 March IASC IASB Standing Interpretations Committee( SIC) Reporting Interpretations Committee (IFRIC) SICs(1~33,11) IFRICs(1~19,16)

調查狀況彙總說明

已採用IFRS 國家-除IFRIC外另行成立解釋單位者

已採用IFRS 國家-除發布解釋函以外之正式處理機制

已採用IFRS 國家-非正式處理機制/未成立解釋機構或其他處理機制

尚未採用IFRS 國家-目前討論情形

附件－各國正式/非正式解釋機制介紹

香港－除IFRIC外另行成立之解釋單位 HKICPA-Interpretations • Interpretations collectively refers to following Interpretations issued by the Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants • Hong Kong (IFRIC) Interpretations (HK(IFRIC)-Int), • Hong Kong Interpretations (HK-Int), • Hong Kong (SIC) Interpretations (HK(SIC)-Int) • Interpretations give authoritative guidance on issues that are likely to receive divergent or unacceptable treatment, in the absence of such guidance.

香港－除IFRIC外另行成立之解釋單位 HKICPA-Interpretations(cont’) Interpretations that are developed locally by the Institute are named Hong Kong Interpretations. Note: HK int 2 related to accounting for Hotel Properties was not “reissued in May 2005” as the issue is covered by IAS 40 equivalent.

香港－非正式處理機制:四大會計師事務所不定期會議香港－非正式處理機制:四大會計師事務所不定期會議範例:Financial Reporting Standards Committee Meeting–HKICPA ( April 2008) The Committee considered a referral from the Professional Standards MonitoringCommittee regarding the presentation of the gains and losses on sale of financial assetsarising in the ordinary course of business in the income statement. It was noted that somepreparers show sales proceeds from the sale of financial assets as revenue (gross), whileothers present gains and losses on disposal net in the income statement . The Committee agreed that gains and losses arising from the disposal of financial assetsmust be presented net in accordance with HKAS 39 Financial Instruments: RecognitionPage 3 of 3and Measurement - paragraphs 26 and 55 and HKFRS 7 Financial Instruments:Disclosures - paragraph 20(a). The Committee therefore agreed that it is inappropriate topresent gross sales proceeds as revenue. However, the Committee also noted that thestandards do not preclude an entity providing additional information in the financialstatements related to gross sales proceeds provided that they are not described as“revenue”.

澳洲-除IFRIC外另行成立之解釋單位 • Australia is fully IFRS compliant, and so has issued Interpretations equivalent to all the SIC and IFRIC Interpretations. • Apart from the SIC and IFRIC equivalent Interpretations, 14 local Interpretations have also been issued, 4 of which have since been superseded by other Interpretations or Standards.

澳洲- 10 local Interpretations (effective)

澳洲- 4 local Interpretations (superseded)

新加坡-除IFRIC外另行成立之解釋單位 • In Singapore, the accounting standards and interpretations are prescribed by the Accounting Standard Council(ASC), and they follow the IFRS. Currently, the following IFRICs have not been adopted in Singapore yet: • IFRIC 2 - Members’ Shares in Co-operative Entities and Similar Instruments • IFRIC 15 - Agreements for the Construction of Real Estate

新加坡-除發布解釋函以外之正式處理機制 • In addition, the Institute of Certified Public Accountants of Singapore (ICPAS), a professional body, issues some guidance on topical matters, in the form of Statements of Recommended Accounting Practice (RAPs). Topics include: • Accounting and reporting by Charities • Reporting framework for unit trusts • Foreign income not remitted to Singapore • Pre-completed contracts for sale of development property • Merger accounting

南非-除IFRIC外另行成立之解釋單位 Background • Instances may arise where there is a need for South African specific guidance for certain aspects, transactions or other issues where no guidance is provided in either International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the IASB or in the interpretations issued by IFRIC. • The South African Institute of Chartered Accountants (SAICA) acts as the Secretariat to the Accounting Practices Board (APB)in the standard setting process. The Accounting Practices Committee (APC) is the technical advisory body to the APB. The APB is the official standard setting body in South Africa. It approves and issued Statements of Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (Statements of GAAP) and Interpretations of Statements of GAAP.

南非-除IFRIC外另行成立之解釋單位(續) Background (cont’) • Where guidance is required, the APC would generally first circulate the query amongst the National Standard Setters. If there is no clarity following this consultation, SAICA would generally then submit an agenda request to the IFRIC. If the agenda request does not result in any guidance, SAICA would then consider whether it is appropriate to issue local guidance. • Local guidance tends to be issued only when the circumstances are South Africa specific, for example, recent interpretations have focussed on Black Economic Empowerment transactions (which are a South African regulatory issue) and their interaction with IFRS 2, and on South African pension fund legislation & its interaction with IFRIC 14.

南非－解釋函內容

德國-除IFRIC外另行成立之解釋單位 • The Accounting Standards Committee of Germany (ASCG)is registered in the register of Associations in Berlin as a non-profit organisation. The governing bodies of the Association are the Executive Board and the General Assembly. The standing committees of the Association are the German Accounting Standards Board (GASB) and the Accounting Interpretations Committee (AIC). • ASCG is one of standard setters to work with the International Accounting Standards Board. • GASB has the following three duties: • the elaboration of recommendations on the application of German accepted group accounting principles, • the provision of advice to the Federal Ministry of Justice on accounting regulations and • representation of the Federal Republic of Germany in international standard-setting bodies Data source: http://www.standardsetter.de/drsc/news/news_eng.php

德國-除IFRIC外另行成立之解釋單位(cont’) • Which enterprises have to apply German Accounting Standards? • Enterprises preparing consolidated financial statements in accordance with the German Commercial Code (HGB) should apply German Accounting Standards (GAS). • Enterprises whose securities are publicly traded and which have their domicile in the European Union have to prepare consolidated financial statements complying with IFRS for financial years beginning after 31 December 2004. • As from then onwards, all these enterprises are exempted from applying the German Accounting Standards (GAS). However, enterprises applying international accounting principles shall continue to apply German Accounting Standards (GAS) to the extent international accounting principles do not include any requirements. This holds especially for the German Accounting Standards concerning risk reporting and management reporting (GAS 5 and GAS 15). Data source: http://www.standardsetter.de/drsc/news/news_eng.php

英國- EU-endorsed IFRS • In the UK, there is the option for non-listed entities to either apply UK GAAP or EU endorsed IFRS. Listed entities need to apply EU-endorsed IFRS. • The only difference between IFRS and EU-endorsed IFRS is in relation to EU-endorsed carve out version of IAS 39 where there is a difference in relation to Hedge Accounting.

英國- EU-endorsed IFRS EU-endorsed IFRS • There is no interpretationof IFRS in the EU other than endorsed IFRIC interpretations. • There is a mechanism established to endorse each IFRS and IFRIC for use in EU. • This process has both a technical level and a political level. The technical merits of each IFRS and IFRIC interpretation are considered by the European Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG) which is a private sector body. EFRAG makes recommendations to the Accounting Regulatory Committee (ARC). • The Chairman of the UK Accounting Standards Board participates in the work of the Technical Expert Group (TEG) of EFRAG, as an observer with full rights to participate in debates. • ARC comprises representatives of the member state governments of the EU and advises the Commission. The UK is represented by BERR (previously the DTI). • The final decision on endorsement is formally made by the European Commission.

英國-除發布解釋函以外之正式處理機制 UK GAAP • For the UK, there is no IFRS interpretation body but the UK Accounting Standards Board(ASB) is moving UK GAAP to an IFRS copy situation (IFRS convergence). The UK ASB established the Urgent Issues Task Force (UITF) to assist it in areas where a UK GAAP or Companies Act provision exists, but where unsatisfactory or conflicting interpretations have developed or seem likely to develop. The results of the UITF's deliberations on a subject are promulgated by means of published Abstracts. The UITF is independent from IFRS body and can make its own decision. • Financial Reporting Review Panel (FRRP) was established in 1990 as part the Financial Reporting Council. The Panel seeks to ensure that the provision of financial information by public and large private companies complies with relevant accounting requirements The FRRP issues a year end hot issue report in Autumn. Despite not being an interpretation it would give UK companies a view of the focus the UK enforcement agency will take in their review work.

英國- UK UITF List of UK UITF issued (http://www.frc.org.uk/asb/uitf/abstracts.cfm) • There are 46 Abstracts issued in all with only 8 issued since 2005.

英國- UK UITF List of UK UITF issued (http://www.frc.org.uk/asb/uitf/abstracts.cfm)

採用 IFRS 之國家如何解決會計問題爭端