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定语从句

定语从句. 概述: ★ 先行 词(中心词):先行于从句出现 ★ 关系代词 (6 个 ) that, which, who, whom, whose, as ★ 关系副词( 3 个) when, where, why ★ 介词 + 关系代词 = 关系副词 基础知识表格. 关系代词. that 指人,物,在从句中作主语,宾语,表语。 which 指物,在从句中作主语,宾语,在非限定定语从句中充当定 语,或者代替前句 who 指人,在从句中作主语,宾语。 whom 指人,在从句中作宾语。

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定语从句

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  1. 定语从句 概述: ★ 先行词(中心词):先行于从句出现 ★ 关系代词(6个) that, which, who, whom, whose, as ★ 关系副词(3个)when, where, why ★ 介词+关系代词=关系副词 基础知识表格

  2. 关系代词 • that 指人,物,在从句中作主语,宾语,表语。 • which 指物,在从句中作主语,宾语,在非限定定语从句中充当定 语,或者代替前句 • who 指人,在从句中作主语,宾语。 • whom 指人,在从句中作宾语。 • whose 指人,物,在从句中作定语,相当于先行词+ ’s, 后接一名词。 • 【注】:关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。

  3. 关系副词 • 关系副词在从句中作状语,有时相当于介词+which,其中which 指代先行词不可以指示整个句子。 • when 指时间,在从句中作时间状语,相当于at/ on/ in/ during which. • where 指地点,在从句中作地点状语,相当于at/ in / to/ which. • why 指原因,在从句中作原因状语,相当于for which.

  4. 关系代词的特殊用法 (一)关系代词指物时, 用that而不用which的情况: • 先行词为something ,anything ,nothing ,everything以及all , much , little , a lot ,none , few 等不定代词时。 • 先行词有the last , the very , the only以及all , much , few , no , any ,little等修饰时。 . • 先行词为序数词、形容词最高级(或所修饰)时。 • the same 修饰先行词时 , 定语从句要用that 或as引导 , 但意义不同。 This is the same watch as I lost last Sunday . (表示相同但并非同一) This is the same knife that I used yesterday . (表示就是那个) • 先行词既有人又有物时, 只能用that。 . • 句子前面出现了who , which 时 , 后面的定语从句用that引导。 .

  5. 关系代词的特殊用法 (二)关系代词指人时, 有时只用who ,而不用that。 • 先行词为指人的代词one , those , the man,以及人称代词如he等。 • 先行词为someone (somebody), no one (nobody), anyone (anybody), everyone (everybody) 。

  6. Which&as • 只能用which的情况 1) 引导非限定性定语从句 ,which 2) 介词后用 • 当先行词有such , so , the same等修饰时, 关系代词要用as ; • as不修饰某个先行词,而是指代主句的全部或部分内容 ,可译为“这一点,此事;正如” ,或不译。这种从句可位于句首、句中或句尾 。常见于 as we all know ,as has been said above ,as is usual,as is often the case ,as everybody can see,as is known to us all等结构 • as从句可位于句首(或主句前) , 而which从句只能在主句后。

  7. 关系代词whose的用法: • whose 在从句中作定语 ,表示“先行词的…” ,既可指人,也可指物。 • whose 可以转换为of which(物)和of whom(人) 。 1) The dictionary whose cover is missing is mine . ( 划线部分可改为the cover of which或of which the cover ) 2) They also invited Mr Wang , whose car was stolen last Sunday . • ( 划线部分可改为 the car of whom 或 of whom the car )

  8. 关系副词的特殊用法 • 关系代词 (which / that) 与关系副词 (when, where, why) 的选取方法: A) 当先行词是定语从句中的主语或宾语时,选用关系代词。 B) 如果先行词不是定语从句中的主语或宾语, 先行词前面需要加上一个介词才能在从句中作成分的时候, 选用关系副词。关系副词在从句中作状语,常可转换为“介词 +which”。 • 当先行词是:point,situation,case,activity , scene , stage时,要用关系副词where修饰。 • 当先行词是occasion , stay等时, 可以when修饰 • 当先行词是the way时,用/ 0/ that/ in which修饰。

  9. 高考其他考点 • time There/Ihat/This was a time when… • such…..as… the same… as … • S+V…, one / some /both/ neither / two thirds / 80% / of which(sth) /whom(sb) • S+V…, and/ or /but one / some /both/ neither / two thirds / 80% / of them • As we all know, = As is known to all, It’s well known that … What is known to us is that … • the reason why …. is that … the reason for which ….. • one of the ….+ n … are the only one … is…

  10. 各种时态的被动语态形式 语态构成: 。一般现在时的被动语态 主语+am(is, are)+过去分词 • 一般进行时的被动语态 主语+am(is, are)+being+过去分词 • 一般将来时的被动语态 主语+ will(shall) be +过去分词/ 主语+ am(is, are)+ going to be+过去分词

  11. 各种时态的被动语态形式 • 现在完成时的被动语态 主语+ have(has) been +过去分词 • 一般过去时的被动语态 主语+ was (were)+过去分词 • 过去进行时的被动语态 主语+ was (were) + being +过去分词 • 过去将来时的被动语态 主语+would be+过去分词

  12. 高考考点 注意以下几种情况: • 短语动词的被动语态 使用短语动词的被动语态时,切记不要漏掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。 . • “get +过去分词”形式。“get +过去分词”也可表示被动语态,该结构较口语化。 • 主动形式表示被动意义 • 一些表示开始、结束的动词(start, begin, close, end等)和表示主语某种属性特征的动词(read, write, sell, wear等)常用主动形式表示被动含义。 • 非谓语动词的被动语态

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