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Understanding Cell Membrane Structure: The Phospholipid Bilayer

Learn about the composition of the cell membrane - made of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. Understand the role of phospholipids, hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts, and the formation of the protective phospholipid bilayer. Discover the importance of membrane semipermeability and how different organisms have unique membrane fingerprints. Dive into the basics of lipid chemistry with a focus on the cell membrane structure.

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Understanding Cell Membrane Structure: The Phospholipid Bilayer

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  1. Do Now 11/10 Glycerol is a straight-chain carbohydrate with the formula C3H8O3. Draw its structure

  2. The Cell Membrane (aka Plasma Membrane) • Every cell has a membrane around it • It protects the cell • It allows nutrients to enter and wastes to leave • Membranes are made of 3 types of molecules • LIPIDS • Proteins • Carbohydrates

  3. Membrane Lipid = Phospholipid YOU REMEMBER THE PHOSPHOLIPID RIGHT? Polar Head Two Nonpolar Tails

  4. Let’s take another look: HYDROPHILIC – loves water HYDROPHOBIC – fears water

  5. Water, Water Everywhere… • Ok, so we know that the cell membrane is made mainly of these phospholipids • We also know that there is wateroutside and inside of a cell • Question: How do the phospholipids arrange to create protective barrier for the cell?

  6. A Bilayer!!!! • Phospholipid Bilayer– two rows of phospholipids that surround every cell. HYDROPHILIC HYDROPHOBIC HYDROPHILIC

  7. Put It All Together • Remember: The membrane is made of 3 major molecules, not only LIPIDS!

  8. Semipermeability • The purpose of the external membrane of the cell is to allow only certain molecules to enter, while allowing wastes to exit:

  9. “Fluid Mosaic” Model

  10. Fluid Mosaic…

  11. Remember the three domains of life? • Bacteria and Archaea are domains of unicellular prokaryotes. • What’s so different about them anyway?

  12. One difference is the membrane lipids! • Unlike other organisms, archean cells use ether linked (-OH : -OH) lipids in their membranes. Also, the “tails” are funky. • Take home: archea have weird membrane lipids

  13. Different membranes for different environments

  14. Membrane fingerprints • Long chains are more like butter (for high temps) • Short chains are like oil (cold temps)

  15. The wonderful world of lipid chemistry

  16. The Basics are as easy as 1. hydrophilic heads 2. hydrophobic tails 3. phospholipid bilayer!

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