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Expansion of Secondary Education: A Vision for Development

This presentation outlines the rationale, challenges, and objectives of expanding secondary education to promote growth and equity in society. It emphasizes the importance of access, quality, and inclusivity in education.

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Expansion of Secondary Education: A Vision for Development

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  1. Expansion of Secondary Education A Presentation for the Parliamentary Consultative Committee on Human Resource Development 20th December, 2007

  2. Rationale for Secondary Education • Secondary education develops faculties of critical thinking, abstraction, insight, skills and competence at a higher level • Foundation for higher education • Requirement for employment and labour market quality • Critical to social and economic development and growth • Rates of return on secondary education are high • Rising demand from elementary leavers • International competitiveness • Gender equity • Requirement for primary teachers • Poverty reduction and equity 2

  3. Secondary Education(IX-X): Some facts Source:- Selected Educational Statistics, 2004-05 3

  4. Secondary Education(IX-X): Indicators Source: Selected Educational Statistics, 2004-05 4

  5. National Policy on Education, 1986 (as modified in 1992) “ Access to Secondary Education will be widened with emphasis on enrolment of girls, SCs & STs particularly in science, commerce and vocational streams.” (Para 5.13) 5

  6. Mid-term Appraisal of the Tenth Five Year Plan (June 2005) “In order to plan for a major expansion of secondary education in the event of achievement of full or near full retention under SSA, setting up of a new mission for secondary education, on the lines of SSA should be considered”. (Para 2.1.45) 6

  7. Central Advisory Board of Education (CABE), Committee on Universalisation of Secondary Education - Report of June, 2005 • The guiding principles of Universal Secondary Education -- Universal Access, Equality and Social Justice • Norms for schooling to be developed for each state with common national parameters • Pressure on secondary education being felt and It will not be wise to wait till 2010 • Financial requirement for universal elementary and secondary education is 5.1% of the GDP • Investment towards Universal Secondary Education must be made not later than 2006-07. 7

  8. Challenges in Secondary Education Access Equity Gender Socio-economic Geographical Disability Quality 8

  9. Challenge of Access-1: No. of Secondary Schools ( Classes IX-X) per 100 Sq. Km. • States having schools less than all India average ALL GUJ HP RJ UP MP JK Source: Based on Selected Educational Statistics- 2004-05 9

  10. Challenge of Access-2: No. of Secondary Schools ( Classes IX-X) per 100 Sq. Km. • States having schools more than all India average ALL TN AP KN MH OR PJ WB AS HR KL Source: Based on Selected Educational Statistics -2004-05 10

  11. Challenge of Access-3: No. of Secondary Schools (Classes IX-X) per lakh Population • States having schools less than all India average ALL PU UT TN CD MP CH WB BI JH UP DL Source: Based on Selected Educational Statistics -2004-05 11

  12. Challenge of Access-4: No. of Secondary Schools (Classes IX-X) per lakh Population • States having schools more than all India average ALL GJ JK KL RJ MH HR AS KN AP OR HP Source: Based on Selected Educational Statistics -2004-05 12

  13. Percentage of schools by management (2004-05)

  14. Challenge Of Participation-1: Gross Enrollment Ratio (Cross Country Comparison) CU SA SL EG TH HG MX VT CH ML IND Asia SOURCE: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, October, 2005 14

  15. Challenge Of Participation-2:Gross Enrollment Ratio • States having GER less than all India average ALL AS UP MP CH RJ JK WB NL JH BH Source : Selected Educational Statistics 2004-05 15

  16. Challenge Of Participation-3:Gross Enrolment Ratio (Classes IX-X) • States having GER more than all India average ALL AP AR HR OR GJ TR KN MH GA UT TN KL Source : Selected Educational Statistics 2004-05 16

  17. Challenge Of Participation-4:Disparity in Gross Enrolment Ratio (Classes IX-X) Source: Selected Educational Statistics – 2004-05 17

  18. Trend of Gross Enrolment Ratio Source : Selected Education Statistics – 2004-05 18

  19. Challenge of Quality-1 : Pupil Teacher Ratio (Cross Country Comparison) SA VT TH SL CH KR HK ML EG MX INDO CU Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, October, 2005 19

  20. Challenge of Quality-2 :Pupil Teacher Ratio in Classes IX and X • States having PTR more than all India average ALL GUJ MH CHH JH BH UP WB Source : Selected Educational Statistics – 2004-05 20

  21. Challenge of Quality-3 :Pupil Teacher Ratio in Classes IX and X • States having PTR less than all India average ALL KN UT AS OR GA HP HR RJ KR AR PJ TN Source : Selected Educational Statistics – 2004-05 21

  22. Transition Rates Source: Based on Selected Educational Statistics 22

  23. Expenditure on Education: % age of GDP (Cross Country Comparison) SOURCE: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, October, 2005 and Selected Educational Statistics, 2002-03. 23

  24. Expansion of Secondary Education: Goal To make secondary education of good quality available, accessible and affordable to all young persons 24

  25. Expansion of Secondary Education: Objectives • To make all secondary schools conform to prescribed norms • Availability and accessto every one • Within 5 Kms for Secondary schools • 7 to 10 Kms for Higher Secondary schools in the 11th Plan and within 5 Km in the 12th Plan. • Equity through removal of gender, socio-economic and disability barriers • To ensure education of good quality for all students 25

  26. Expansion of Secondary Education : Targets Source: Selected Educational Statistics and * As per CABE Report on USE 26

  27. Expansion of Secondary Education: Physical Targets • Additional enrolment by 2011-12 : 66 lakh • Strengthening of schools : 44,000 • Upgradation of higher primary : 17,000 schools • Additional teachers in existing : 3.02 lakh schools • Additional teachers for upgraded : 3.61 schools • Additional Kendriya Vidyalayas and : 1000 + 700 Navodaya Vidyalayas • Girls’ hostels : 3500

  28. Expansion of Secondary Education: General Strategies • Upgrade existing schools to achieve prescribed norms • Expand capacity of existing schools • Open new schools (mostly by upgradation) in areas with gaps • Encourage good quality private schools • Expand facilities for open and distance learning • Step up allocation to secondary education from 0.9% of GDP to 2% of GDP in stages.

  29. Expansion of Secondary Education: Components • Infrastructure • Class-rooms • Furniture • Toilets • Drinking Water • Laboratory • Library • Electricity • Phone and Internet • Sports facilities • Music Facilities • Repair and Maintenance

  30. Expansion of Secondary Education: Components Contd…… • Teachers • Recruitment • Deployment • Training • Teaching aids • ICT • Models • School budget

  31. Expansion of Secondary Education: Components Contd…… • School Management • Headmasters’ capacity building • Management Committee • Involvement of local bodies • Supervision and monitoring • School inspection • Incentives for girls, SC/ST, minorities and rural students

  32. Reforms in Secondary Education • Curriculum • Examination system • Teachers • School governance • Use of ICT

  33. Current schemes of Govt. of India • ICT in Schools • Integrated Education for the Disabled Children • “SUCCESS” – Universalisation of Access to Secondary Education • Means-cum-Merit Scholarship • Incentive for Girls • Girls’ Hostel • Vocationalisation of Secondary Education

  34. Expansion of Secondary Education: Some Issues • Ownership of State Governments and cost sharing • Coverage of classes XI and XII • Cost recovery and targeted subsidies • Private sector participation • Supply-side intervention to stimulate demand • Effect of demographic transition • Possibility of second shifts to reduce capital cost • Community contribution and involvement

  35. Expansion of Secondary Education: Broad Goal • To universalize secondary education (class IX and X) during the 12th Five Year Plan

  36. THANK YOU 36

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