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Working of solar water heater system | Rheem Malaysia Blogs

Learn how solar water heaters use solar energy to heat water through collectors, heat transfer fluid, and storage tanks.

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Working of solar water heater system | Rheem Malaysia Blogs

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  1. Mechanism Of Solar Water Heater System A solar water heater (SWH) system harnesses the power of the sun to provide an eco-friendly and cost- effective way to heat water. These systems have gained significant popularity due to their energy efficiency and environmental benefits. Let’s explore how solar water heaters work and the key components that make them an effective solution for heating water. 1. Solar Collectors: The Heart of the System The primary component of a solar water heater is the solar collector, which absorbs sunlight and converts it into heat. There are two main types of solar collectors used in water heating systems: • Flat-Plate Collectors: These are the most commonly used collectors. They consist of a flat surface covered with a dark material, which absorbs sunlight and converts it into heat. Evacuated Tube Collectors: These collectors consist of a series of glass tubes with a vacuum between them. They are more efficient than flat-plate collectors and are ideal for colder climates or areas with low sunlight. • 2. Heat Transfer Fluid In most solar water heating systems, a heat transfer fluid (either water or antifreeze) flows through the solar collector to absorb the heat. The fluid is heated by the sun and then transferred to a storage tank where the heat is retained for later use. The heat transfer fluid circulates through a closed-loop system, ensuring that the energy from the sun is effectively transferred to the water. 3. Storage Tank Once the heat transfer fluid is heated in the solar collectors, it is pumped to a well-insulated storage tank. This tank holds the heated water until it is needed. The tank is typically equipped with an additional heating element, often powered by electricity or gas, to ensure that the water remains at a consistent temperature, especially on cloudy days or during high-demand periods. 4. Controller and Pump A controller is used to regulate the operation of the system, ensuring that the solar collectors are working efficiently. It monitors the temperature of the water in the tank and the temperature of the heat transfer fluid. If the water temperature is below the desired level, the controller activates the pump to circulate the fluid from the collector to the tank. 5. Backup Heating System Although solar water heaters are designed to rely on sunlight, there are occasions when sunlight is insufficient for heating. In such cases, a backup heating system (electric or gas-powered) ensures that hot water is available when needed. This system kicks in automatically when the solar energy is not enough to meet the demand.

  2. Conclusion The mechanism of a solar water heater system is simple yet effective. By using solar energy to heat water, these systems offer an environmentally friendly and cost-effective way to provide hot water. With its efficient solar collectors, heat transfer fluid, storage tank, and backup heating system, solar water heaters are an excellent long-term investment for reducing energy consumption and lowering utility bills.

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