PHILIP JOHNSON - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

PHILIP JOHNSON

AFTER GRADUATING FROM HIGH SCHOOL HE ATTENDED HARVARD COLLEGE, WHERE HE STUDIED CLASSICS.

AT THE AGE OF TWENTY-SIX HE BECAME THE DIRECTOR OF THE MUSEUM OF MODERN ART’S NEW ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT.

HE WAS THE FOUNDER OF THE INFLUENTIAL DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN AT MOMA. AS CO-AUTHOR (WITH HENRY-RUSSELL HITCHCOCK JR.) OF THE MOMA EXHIBITION CATALOG "THE INTERNATIONAL STYLE: ARCHITECTURE SINCE 1922" (1932), JOHNSON IS CREDITED WITH INTRODUCING EUROPEAN MODERNISM TO AMERICA.

JOHNSON INTERRUPTED HIS EDUCATION WITH SEVERAL EXTENDED TRIPS TO EUROPE.

• THESE TRIPS BECAME THE PIVOTAL MOMENT OF HIS EDUCATION; HE VISITED CHARTRES, THE PARTHENON, AND MANY OTHER ANCIENT MONUMENTS, WHICH AROUSE GREAT INTERST IN HIM TOWARDS ARCHITECTURE.
• BEFORE DESIGNING HIS FIRST BUILDING AT THE AGE OF 36, JOHNSON HAD BEEN CLIENT, CRITIC, AUTHOR, HISTORIAN, MUSEUM DIRECTOR, BUT NOT AN ARCHITECT. 
• IN 1941 PHILIP JOHNSON RETURNED TO HARVARD AS A STUDENT UNDER GROPIUS AND MARCEL BREUR.

HE WIDENED HIS CONNECTIONS WITH MODERN ARCHITECTS IN EUROPE AND ORGANISED EXHIBITIONS OF MODERN ARCHITECTS.

HE MADE A NUMBER OF OTHER HOUSES IN A SIMILAR VANE AND THROUGHOUT THE 1950S DESIGNED MANY WELL-KNOWN WORKS INCLUDING THE SEAGRAM BUILDING IN NEW YORK CITY, DONE IN COLLABORATION WITH MIES VAN DER ROHE.

FROM 1967 TO 1989 JOHNSON COLLABORATED WITH JOHN BURGEE, HIS MOST PRODUCTIVE PERIOD CERTAINLY BY THE MEASURE OF SCALE -- HE BECAME KNOWN AT THIS TIME AS BUILDER OF ICONIC OFFICE TOWERS.

SINCE 1989, JOHNSON, SEMI-RETIRED, DEVOTED HIS TIME MAINLY TO PROJECTS OF HIS OWN, BUT STILL WAS A CONSULTANT TO JOHN BURGEE ARCHITECTS.

JOHNSON DIED IN JANUARY 2005

HISTORY – I.E. JUSTIFYING ELEMENTS WHICH ARE EARLIER USED.

UTILITY- I.E. IF UTILITY OF A BUILDING OVERCOMES ARTISTIC INVENTIONS ,THEN IT IS MERELY AN ASSEMBLAGE OF USEFUL PARTS.

HIS GREATEST INFLUENCE AS AN ARCHITECT WAS HIS USE OF GLASS.

JOHNSON WAS AMONG THE FIRST TO EXPERIMENT WITH ALL-GLASS FACADES, AND BY THE 1980S SUCH BUILDINGS HAD BECOME COMMONPLACE THE WORLD OVER.

HE EVENTUALLY REJECTED MUCH OF THE METALLIC APPEARANCE OF EARLIER INTERNATIONAL STYLE BUILDINGS, AND BEGAN DESIGNING SPECTACULAR, CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURES UNIFORMLY SHEATHED IN GLASS.

HE BELIEVES IN "ARCHITECTURE IS BASICALLY THE DESIGN OF INTERIORS, THE ART OF ORGANIZING INTERIOR SPACE."

WITH THE LATER WORK OF THE 1970S AND 1980S, JOHNSON BEGAN TO MANIPULATE BOTH TEXTURE AND COLOR ON THE EXTERIOR OF HIS LARGER BUILDINGS.

ONE OF THE WORLD'S MOST BEAUTIFUL YET LEAST FUNCTIONAL HOUSES

TRANSPARENT OPEN-PLAN FRAME STRUCTURE WHICH WAS HIS OWN RESIDENCE.

IS HEAVILY INFLUENCED BY MIES' FARNSWORTH HOUSE

BATH IN BRICK CYLINDER.

INCLUDES OUTDOOR SCULPTURE AND A SEPARATE BLANK-WALLED BRICK GUEST HOUSE

SPATIAL DIVISIONS IN THE GLASS BUILDING ARE ACHIEVED BY A BRICK CYLINDER CONTAINING A BATHROOM, AND BY LOW WALNUT CABINETS—ONE OF THEM CONTAINING KITCHEN EQUIPMENT.

IT WAS A BUILDING REALLY EXPRESSING MANY CONCERNS OF CLASSIC DESIGN, FROM THE ELEVATED PLACEMENT OF AN OBJECT IN A SPACE, TO ITS SERENE PROPORTION, GENERAL OVERALL SYMMETRY, AND COMBINING OF A BALANCE OF ELEMENTS

Steel frame structure

Wooden block flooring

Chairs designed by

Mies van der rohe

COLOURED SLIT WINDOWS ON CONCRETE-BLOCK WALLS OF MAIN BUILDING,GIVE LIGHTNESS

CURVED FALSE CEILING

DOMED ENTRANCE.

Toilets

Vaulted false work

Rectangular main hall

Elliptical entrance porch

porch and rectangular mainhall

Slit windows

Walls made up of

Concrete blocks

Dome with canopy

At top

Elliptical main

entrance

Glass set in wall slits.

THE RESTAURANT IS COMPRISED OF TWO PUBLIC DINING ROOMS THAT SET A NEW AMERICAN STYLE OF RESTAURANT

TO MATCH EXTERIOR BRONZE CLADDING, INTERIOR COLUMNS ARE FACED IN BRONZE

WALLS ARE SURFACED IN A THICK FRENCH WALNUT VENEER

CURTAINS FORMED FROM NO. OF THIN CHAINS OF ANODIZED ALUMINIUM.

LARGE RECTANGULAR POOL IS LINED WITH MARBLE

HIGH CEILINGS AND HARDWOOD SURFACES

IN THE POOL ROOM, THE WATER IN THE POOL BABBLES SOOTHINGLY AND THROWS OFF PACIFYING WHITE NOISE THAT ABSORBS OTHER SOUNDS.

Of anodized aluminium

Thin structural columns

Acting as mullions

Pool

Chairs designed by

Mies van der rohe

suspended sculpture

Chain curtains

It is a major office and residential project which stands astride the paseo da castellana , Madrid’s most important boulevard, on the north side of the plaza de castilla.

This bold move creates a portal which being at the northern end of business district , becomes the gateway to Europe.

The buildings have plan dimensions of 35 mts. X 36 mts.

GROUND

FLOOR

PLAN

TWIN OFFICE

BLOCKS

14.3 degrees

Height above plaza is

113.56 mts.

Height above base-

-ment 123 .76 mts.

Floor to floor height is

3.97 mts.

Verticality dominates .

Central axis runs in plan .