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Master Formulas for Multivalent Compounds

Understand multivalent metals and polyatomic ions, practice writing formulas. Learn naming conventions, deducing Roman numerals, balancing charges, and exceptions. Study acids and bases interactions for comprehensive understanding. Improve your chemical formula skills for success in chemistry class.

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Master Formulas for Multivalent Compounds

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  1. Writing formulas for multivalent ionic compounds • Transition metals have the ability to form more than one cation • Therefore, a roman numeral is placed in the name to signify the charge on the cation • Example: • Iron (III) Chloride • Write the formula?

  2. Writing formulas for mulitvalent ionic compounds • Write formulas for the following: • Copper (I) Oxide • Copper (II) Oxide Answers - Cu2O CuO

  3. Naming compounds with multivalent metals • If the metal is in group B it requires a roman numeral in the name. • You will have to deduce the roman numeral based on the formula. • Example • Name CoI2 • Answer - Cobalt (II) Iodide

  4. Naming compounds with multivalent metals • Deducing the roman numeral • Multiply the charge on the anion by the number of anions and then divide by the number of cations to get the roman numeral. • Write the names for Fe2S3 SnO2 • Answers - • Iron (III) Sulfide Tin (IV) Oxide

  5. Take ten minutes and work on sections 5 and 6 on the back side of your worksheet.

  6. Polyatomic Ions • A group of atoms that carry a charge • Examples: • SO42- NO31- • Names of polyatomic ions that contain oxygen will end in -ate or -ite • -ite is one less oxygen then ate • Example • Sulfate is SO42- Sulfite is SO32- • Chlorate is ClO31- Chlorite is ClO21- • Other polyatomic ions • NH41+ Ammonium CN1- cyanide • OH1- Hydroxide

  7. Writing formulas using polyatomic ions • The polyatomic ion is treated as one unit. • Balance the charges • Place parenthesis around the polyatomic ion if there is more than one • Example • Write the formula for Iron (II) Nitrate • Fe2+ and NO31- combines to make Fe(NO3)2

  8. Naming using Polyatomic ions • Name the metal than name the polyatomic ion. If you need a roman numeral; include it. • Treat the polyatomic ion as one unit (as if it were one atom) • Example - Name CuSO4 • Copper (II) Sulfate

  9. Exceptions for roman numerals • Silver, Cadmium and Zinc do not get roman numerals. • Ag is always +1, Cadmium and Zinc are always +2 • Tin and Lead need roman numerals. They are multivalent (multiple oxidation states)

  10. Naming Acids • Memorize • HCl - Hydrochloric Acid • H2SO4 - Sulfuric Acid • HNO3- Nitric Acid • H3PO4 - Phosphoric Acid • Note - Acids give off H1+ (Hydrogen ions) and bases give off OH1- ions • What do you get when an acid and base combine?

  11. Check for understanding • Name or write the formula for: • Potassium Sulfate • Chromium (III) Cyanide • Fe(ClO3)3 • CuCl • Answers • K2SO4 Cr(CN)3 • Iron (III) Chlorate • Copper (I) Chloride

  12. Now finish your worksheet and work on your homework. • Get help • Make sure and check your answers on-line. You will be writing formulas all year and doing math based on these formulas. You get the formula wrong you get the math wrong.

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