主动表被动浅说

1. 主动表被动浅说 主动表被动：指形式无被动结构而含被动意义的主动形式，即句中某个名词或代词与某个动词存在逻辑动宾关系或为被动关系，用主动结构表被动意思。小结如下： 1.下列实义动词作系动词时用主动结构表被动意思,常见的有:look, sound, smell, taste, feel, prove, remain等,e.g. ①The flower looks ugly. ②What you said sounds reasonable. ③The dish smells delicious. ④The food tastes good. ⑤The story proved quite false. ⑥She remains silent. ⑦This material feels soft. 2.“主语＋be worth＋doing”结构中,doing与主语存在动

2. 宾关系: The novel is worth reading again. 3.当need/want/require三动词是需要的意思且主语与这些动词后的动词存在逻辑上的动宾关系,则这三动词后的动词用v-ing形式,用主动结构表被动意思,相当于to be done, e.g. ①My watch needs reparing（＝to be repaired）. ②The house wants painting （＝to be pained）. 4.某些与can’t,won’t等连用的不及物动词,如move,lock, shut, open等,用主动结构表被动意思,e.g. ①It can’t move. ②The door won’t shut. ③The window won’t open. （这些动词与can’t,won’t等连用, 表示事物“拒绝”我们要它们“做”的事.）

3. 5.某些可以和well, easily, smoothly等副词连用的不及物动词如read, write, wash, clean, draw, burn, cook, sell, lock, open, shut,且主语是非生命的名词或代词,用主动结构表被动意思,e.g. ①This kind of book sells well. ②The pen writes smoothly. ③ The cloth washes well. ④The poem reads smoothly. ⑤The table doesn’t clean easily. ⑥This kind of rice cooks more easily than that kind. ⑦ That door shuts well. 6.某些可以用于“主＋谓＋主补”结构的不及物动词,如blow, wear等,用主动结构表被动意思,e.g. ①The material has worn thin.

4. ②The door blew open. 7.“sb. has sth. to do”结构,也用主动结构表被动意思, 此时主语与to do存在逻辑主谓关系, to do与宾语存在逻辑动宾关系,用公式表示为: “主语＋谓语＋宾语＋to do” 主谓关系 动宾关系 ①He has many problems to solve. ②White has lots of things to do. ③I have a room to live in. 8.“sth.＋be＋adj.＋to do”结构, to do与sth.存在逻辑动宾关系,也用主动结构表被动意思,这些表语形容词有hard, difficult, easy, fit,necessary,dangerous,e.g. ①The problem is hard to solve.

5. ②The water isn’t fit to drink. 9.“sth./sb ＋系动词＋ to do”结构,主要用于sth. be to rent,sth remain to do, who to blam ,e.g. ①The taxi is to rent. ②Much remains to find. ③She is to blame. 10.在一些表语或定语的介词短语含被动意义,e.g. ①be＋under＋n./doing, e.g. The fire was under control at last. ②be＋on sale/show ,e.g. Many new types of cars are on show in Beijing. ③be＋in the charge of, e.g. The factory is in the charge of my brother.