Persia attacks Greece and The Age of Pericles

1. Persia attacks Greece and The Age of Pericles Page 132 – 143 144- 147

2. = PERSIAN EMPIRE www.farsinet.com/.../images/persian_empire.jpg www.cnn.com/.../land_maps/middle_east_region.jpg

3. Persian Empire • Persia was located in South Western Iran • They Herded cattle • The were Warriors/Nomads

4. Cyrus the Great • Managed to unite Persian into a powerful kingdom • He ruled from 559 B.C. to 530 B.C. • His empire was larger than the world had yet to see. https:/.../file/view/cyrus.jpg/39197676

5. Persian Government King Darius • As Persian grew bigger, it got harder to manage. • King Dariusdivided the empire into 20 provinces calledSatrapies(Sa-tra-pies) • Ruled by officials called satrap which means “Protector of the kingdom” • They acted as judges, tax collectors, chief of police, and head recruiter for the army 300themovie.info/gallery/bahrami.jpg

6. Religion • Religion calledZoroastrianism • Believed in one God • Believed you had the choice to chose between right and wrong • Zoroastrianism is one of the world's oldest monotheistic religions. saga.parsizoroastrianism.com/ahofr99.gif

7. The Persian Wars • The Greeks started clashing with the Persians. • Persians controlled the Greeks cities in the Asia Minor • Athenians helped the Greeks rebelagainst the Persians, but it failed. • King Darius decide to stop the Greeks from interfering in the Persian Empire. rtw.heavengames.com/.../1.jpg

8. The Battle of Marathon • 490 B.C. Persian fleet landed in Marathon • Athenians = 10,000 vs Persians = 20,000 • Persians wanted Athens to advance but the Athenians knew they were out numbered and waited. • Persians loaded their ships. The horsemen in cavalry strongest part of Persian Army boarded first. • This was a mistake. Greeks attacked the foot soldiers. • Unable to defend themselves, the Persians were easily defeated.

9. The Battle of Marathon

10. Another Persian Strike • New invasion on Greece • Sparta joins forces with Athens • Athens provides Navy • Sparta provides Army • Themistocles(thuh-mis-tuh-kleez) game plan = Attack Persian ships and cut off food supplies to the army • Army holds off Persians in Thermopylae (ther-mop-uh-lee) to await new navy ships. www.nutquote.com/thumb/16993-Themistocles.jpg

11. Greeks lost battle at Thermopylae (ther-mop-uh-lee) because of a traitor. • Greek ships were smaller, faster, and easier to steer than the big Persian ships • Greeks destroyed almost the entire Persian fleet • Persians burned the city of Athens • Greek army crushed Persians at Plataea (pluh-tee-uh) • Turning point for the Greeks – Persians retreat to Asia Minor

12. Persian vs Greek Ships www.twcenter.net/forums/attachment.php?attach www.artsales.com/ARTistory/Ancient_Ships/imag...

13. What Caused the Persian Empire to Fall? • Greeks defeated the Persian army, they helped to weaken it. • Persian rulers raised taxesto gain more wealth • Spent the gold and silver that flowed into the treasuries on luxuries for the royal court • Taxes cause rebellions • Royal family fought over who was to be king.

14. Review questions

15. This means "Protector of the kingdom". Satrap

16. Swahili culture is a combination of Arabic and __ African

17. The two rival armies worked together to defeat the Persians in 499 B.C. was Greeks and _? Athenians

18. The oldest monotheistic religion was__ Zoroastrianism

19. Today the most widely practiced religion in Africa is Christianity

20. The largest empire in West Africa in the 1500's Songhai

21. The Athenian Empire and Daily Life in Athens.Peloponnesian Wars Pages: 139, 141, & 142 - 144

22. The Athenian Empire • After Athens defeats Persian in the Battle of Plataea (pluh-tee-uh) – Persia remains a threat • Athens joins with other city-states (NOT SPARTA) form Delian (dee-lee-uh n) League • Delian League promised to defend its members against the Persians. Move Persia out of Greek areas in Asia Minor

23. - League freed almost all of the Greek cities under Persia’s control • Most of Delian League representatives = Athenians • Athens gains control over other city-states in the alliance. • League no longer a partnership to fight Persia but and Athenian empire. • Athens soon sends troops to other city-states to get commoners to rebel against the nobles in power.

24. Democracy in Athens • Direct Democracy: People gather at mass meetings to decide on government matters. Every citizen can vote firsthand on laws and policies. • Representative Democracy: Citizens choose a smaller group to make laws and governmental decisions on their behalf.

25. 43,000 male citizens over 18 made up the assembly. • Assembly • (1) passed all laws (2) Elected officials (3) Made decision on war and foreign affairs. • 10 officials or Generals carried out the assembly’s laws and policies.

26. Pericles • Born outside of Athens to a wealthy and powerful family. • Educated by philosophers • Strongly supported a Democracy • The “Age of Pericles” was Athens’s Golden Age • City blossomed under his leadership • Made it a centerpiece of art, philosophy, and Democracy

27. Pericles • Goal = Make Athens a city that Greeks could be proud of. • Constructed public buildings (Parthenon) apwhod09.pbworks.com/f/Pericles_Pio-Clementin static.howstuffworks.com/gif/parthenon-and-th

29. Daily Life in Athens • More people live in Athens than any other Greek city-state. • Not enough farm land so import grain from other places • Athens becomes leading center for the Greek world. • Artisans grew wealthy by making and selling pottery, jewelry, leather goods, and other products.

30. Raphael: School in Athens tomgpalmer.com/.../School%20of%20Athens2.jpg

31. Roles of Men and Women • Men = Worked in morning, exercised or attended meetings of the assembly • Women = revolved around home and family - Girls married @ 14 or 15 - Expected to have children and take care of household duties. - Rarely went out - Could not attend school and had No political rights

32. The Peloponnesian War • Athenian empire becomes rich and powerful • City-states grew suspicious against Athens • Sparta starts a revolt against Athens. • Sparta and Athens clashes repeatedly. • Start of Peloponnesus War • War starts 431 B.C. and last until 404 B.C.

33. Why was Athens Defeated? • Pericles knew that Athens couldn’t beat Sparta in an open battle. • Athens keeps safe behind city walls. • Sparta surrounds Athens • Athens strong Navy brings supplies from other colonies. • Second year of war –Deadly disease spread through the city (killed 1/3+ of the people). Kills leader Pericles.

34. Why was Athens Defeated? • After 25 years, Spartans were desperate for a win. • Spartans make a deal with Persian Empire • Persians give $ for navy and Spartans give territory in Asia Minor) • Sparta’s new navy destroyed the Athenian Fleet • Athens surrendered • Peloponnesian War weakened all Greek City-states

35. Affect the war • After the war, many Greeks died and thousands lost their jobs. • This made it tough for them to unite and work together • Sparta tried to rule Greece for 30 years, but the City-States rebelled. • Sparta did not notice that Macedonia was becoming powerful.

36. Review questions

37. First trading state in Western Africa Ghana

38. Which of the following is a cause of the Peloponnesian War? • Sparta invaded Athens

39. Mass gathering where many decide governmental matter • Direct democracy

40. Small group makes governmental decisions on the behalf of many Representative democracy

41. The Age of Pericles was known as a period of creativity and __ Learning

42. In 431 B.C., Sparta and other city-states joined forces against Athens to fight this war? Peloponnesian War

43. Pericles constructed this famous building? Parthenon