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Historical Development of Distance Education in Turkey (1924-1982)

This article explores the evolution of distance education in Turkey from 1924 to 1982, covering its development phases and key milestones. It discusses the thought phase (1924-1953), experimentation phase (1953-1974), institutionalization phase (1974-1982), and expansion phase (1982-date). The text highlights the contributions of foreign experts, reports, debates in National Education Councils, private sector experimentations, and institutionalization efforts in the growth of distance education in Turkey during this period.

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Historical Development of Distance Education in Turkey (1924-1982)

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  1. Historical Development of Distance Education in Turkey (1924-1982) Prof. Dr. Dursun GökdağAnadolu University, Faculty of Communication dgokdag@anadolu.edu.tr

  2. Development Phases of Distance Education in Turkey • Thought phase (1924-1953) • Experimentationphase (1953-1974) • institutionalization phase (1974-1982) • Expansion phase (1982- date)

  3. Thought phase (1924-1953) • DE suggestions were come from two different sources in this period • Invited foreign experts • Ministry of National Education

  4. Educational indicatorsin Turkey in 1920’s • Total population…..……11 million • Literacy rate ……………. 10 % • Number of schools ..…. 5000 • Number of students..… 360 000 • Number of teachers .…. 1200

  5. Reports of Foreign Experts • First expert invited was John Dewey.He in hisreport titled “Report About Turkish Education” suggested DE education as an alternative for teacher education in 1924 • The second report was prepared by a commission in 1935. In that report, correspondence courses were suggestedfor educating people living in such places that was not feasible to establish schools

  6. Debates in the National Education Councils • Scientist group meetings • Corresponding education was suggested to increase literacy level in 1927. • National Education Councils (NEC) • First NEC was gathered in 1939.DE was talked over indirectly • In the forth NEC in 1949, democracy educationwas among the topics of its agenda. To do so, it was suggested that MONE should establish a special unit responsible for mass education.

  7. Experimentation phase (1953–1974) • Private Sector experimentations • Banking Course organized by Ankara University Law Faculty • 6th and 7th National Education Councils • Establishment of Correspondence Teaching Centre

  8. Experimentation phase (1953–1974) • Private Sector experimentations • Limasollu Naci Publications • Fono Distance Education Organizations”.

  9. Experimentation phase (1953–1974) • Banking Course • organized by Ankara University Law Faculty

  10. Experimentation phase (1953–1974) • 6th and 7th National Education Councils

  11. Experimentation phase (1953–1974) • Establishment of Correspondence Teaching Centre

  12. Institutionalization Phase (1974 -1982) • Different organizations were interested in DE • “Correspondence Higher Education Center” and“Experimental Higher Teacher School” • Estabilshed in 1974 and terminated in 1975 • Diffused Higher Education Organization • Expanded in 1975 and terminated in 1979

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