### The Rise of Russia: From Kievan Roots to Absolute Monarchs ###

1. Chapter 18 The Rise of Russia

2. In the beginning • The first Russian state-centered around the city of Kiev around the 9th century • in the 1230’s it was conquered by the Mongols who ruled the region for the next 250 years • it fell into disorder in the 15th century and fell under the influence on the state of Moscow

3. Foundations • Different from the West • Little commercial exchange • BUT major factor in world relationships and balance of power • Separate identity from the rest of Europe • What do we allow to influence the identity???? • How we interact with the West • Rise of the Absolute Monarchs

4. Ivan the Great • stopped paying tribute to the Mongols…therefore declared Russian independence • Freed much of Russia in 1462 • he began the policy called “gathering the Russian land” and built Moscow into a large and powerful state • Orthodox church affirmed that Ivan was chosen by God and started calling Moscow the “third Rome” • Rurik Dynasty

5. Ivan the Terrible • First Tsar • Married Anastasia Romanov • Reign of terror • Continued Russian expansion • Wanted to control the Russian nobles • Boyars

6. The Time of Troubles • Ivan dies without an heir • Causes problems SHOCKER • Poland and Sweden was also attacking • Boyars fought over who would be in control • They choose a young boy from the Romanov family

7. The Romanov Michael • Reestablished internal order and stopped the poles and the Swedes • Resumed expansion • Got Kiev back from Poland • Closest relative to Anastasia • Reigns as an eastern monarch • Kremlin: Fortified area • Alexis • Stopped the strengthening of the Nobles • Gained power over the Church

9. Peter The Great • Absolute Monarch • Took more power • Autocrat • Make the culture and the economy more western • Created a trained military • Able to defeat the rivals • Sweden was never to be world power again

10. Peter and the West • He used only what he thought would better Russia • Not a worldwide export economy • The economy should support the military • Revised tax system • Began mining iron: more manufacturing • Gave more power to women without actually changing gender relations • His wife breaks the Terem • Created a set of advisors he could control

11. Second Time of Troubles • After Peter Dies and a question of heir: HAHAHA • Peter’s Wife Catherine I • Anna (Peter’s Daughter) • Elizabeth (Peter’s Daughter) • Peter (Elizabeth’s Nephew) AND Catherine II

12. Catherine The Great • Wife of Peter III • Takes control for herself with the help of peasant uprising • German Princess and very smart • Loved by the people • Made people believe she was an Enlightened Despot

13. Catherine and the West • Wanted Enlightened ideas but also wanted to be a STRONG central monarch (absolute) • Wrote to Voltaire • Put on a show of being more western • HOWEVER a great number of western ideas were able to get to Russia even if they were not used right away • Divided Poland • Very Important

14. Cossacks • Peasant adventurers who were encouraged to move to newly acquired lands • Russian Cowboys • Not an ethnic group but an ideological group • Horse people • Fled the Russian empire • Serfs and others wanting to escape • Asian elements

15. Pugachev Pugachev Rebellion • Claimed to be the true tsar • Promised to end serfdom, taxes, military conscription • However, it was not a unified army • Captured and executed

16. Serfdom in Russia • During the Mongols the peasants were free farmers • After the Mongols they needed to sell their land because of debts • Russian government supported the nobility having serfs • It was a way to control the masses and keep the nobles rich and happy • Became more like slavery: • Bought, sold, given, gambled • Coursed labor

17. Anne

18. Elizabeth I

19. Paul I