Post-Crisis Needs Assessment for Equitable and Inclusive Recovery: A Guide

1. Post-Crisis Needs Assessment for Equitable and Inclusive Recovery: A Guide Savitri Bisnath, PhD

2. Context • Builds on the first phase of the PDNA • Designed to: • Identify specific post-crisis needs of women and men • Analyze findings • Design actions • Implement programs

3. Objectives • Collect and compare baseline and post-crisis quantitative and qualitative sex- and age-disaggregated data across sectors • Analyze needs, paying attention to the specific early recovery needs of affected area and women, men, boys and girls • Identify post-crisis service delivery gaps of local and national authorities, paying particular attention to services targeted to women and girls • Identify, design and implement gender-aware actions across sectors and institutions (gender-aware programming) • Enhance gender-responsive post-crisis recovery planning through inter-agency collaboration and shared response

4. [census] sex- and age-disagg. demographic data [Gov't, UN] home ownership by sex % of pop w/access to clean water sanitation facilities public & private health expenditures as % of GDP [UN, NGOs] average family size % of females who experience sexual assault culturally inscribed harmful practices [HDR, Gov't, UN] sex- and age-disagg. life expectancy at birth % of fe/males w/micronutrient malnutrition sex- and age-disagg. prevalence rates for malaria, TB, HIV [census, HDR] sex- and age-disagg. poverty rates sex- and age-disagg. literacy rates [census, UN, HH & Livelihood survey] sex- and age-disagg. pop w/ employment sex- and age-disagg. pop w/seasonal employment sex- and age-disagg. pop w/informal livelihood activities Quantitative Gender Aware Baseline Data: Examples

5. [Gov’t, NGOs, UN] Livelihoods % of HH who lost sole income earner % of HH who lost primary income earner % of FHH who lost productive assets % of FHH who lost land % of fe/males migrating for work Education % of boys removed from elementary school % of girls removed from elementary school % of single sex schools destroyed Health % of public medical facilities destroyed % of public medical facilities to rebuild in new location Quantitative Gender Aware Post-Crisis Data: Examples

6. Qualitative Gender-Aware Post-Crisis Data Gender-aware baseline data identifying: • who (female/male) does what tasks; • who has the responsibility for which activities; • who controls and can access which resources; and • understanding why, provide the basis and justification for developing more gender equitable programming in order to build back better.

7. Examples of Gender-Aware Post-Crisis Governance Questions • What types and level of support are necessary for local authorities so that they can best respond to early recovery needs of women? • Are there national and local recovery plans and policies in place to deploy in the aftermath of the crisis? Are they gender aware? • Are there recovery programs to reintegrate women who were involved in the armed forces? • Are there changes in the practices, norms and regulations that contribute to vulnerabilities experienced by women and girls, e.g., customary laws preventing women from access to, and control of, credit and property? If yes, will they improve the socio-economic well-being of women and girls? What early recovery mechanisms are needs to support the broadening of opportunities for women and marginalized communities?

8. Examples of Gender-Aware Post-Crisis Employment and Livelihoods Questions • Which economic sectors are damaged (agriculture, tourism, fisheries), and to what extent (partially, fully). In what ways (directly/indirectly) are women and/or men involved in these sectors? What types of economic infrastructure have been destroyed/damaged? What are the resulting impacts on employment and livelihood patterns in the formal and informal economy? What are the coping strategies of women and men who have been impacted? • Are women and/or men from affected areas migrating within, or leaving, the country? What are the push and pull factors? Are they similar or different for women and men? What is the short- and medium-term impact on the households and the affected community? What capacity building measures are needed to reduce the scope and intensity of the push factors?

9. Types of Gender-Aware Consultations • Informal discussions with individual women or men, small single-sex or mixed groups, INGO, NGO working with women • Semi-structured consultations • Structured interviews • Sector-related focus group consultations • Issue related focus group consultations, e.g., women

10. Key Elements in the Conduct of Gender-Aware Post-Crisis Assessment • Sex- and age-disaggregated baseline and post-crisis data, including information documented during the humanitarian phase, are collected and analysed • Women and men from affected population are consulted • Women are members of the assessment teams • Assessment does not assume that all women or all men have the same needs, priorities and interests, and resists stereotyping women as solely a vulnerable group

11. Key Elements in Gender-Aware Early Recovery Planning • The results of the consultations with women and men and women’s organisations have informed recovery planning and design • Sex- and age-disaggregated data are analysed and used • Proposed actions aim to reinforce sustainable, spontaneous recovery activities of women and men • There is clarity on the ways in which proposed projects will directly benefit women, men, boys, and girls • Proposed early recovery initiatives aim to facilitate and retain female and male participation as appropriate

12. Thank you