The European Union

1. The European Union

2. Pretest/Map Test • The individuals in the course would be given a map quiz with 10 general understanding questions on the European Union at this point in time • The map quiz will also be given at the end of the unit and the students will be asked to identify the country and the date of their entrance into the European Union • The students would also be given a chance to draw out of a hat the nations currently members of the United Nations and Turkey • The students will then be asked to briefly research the qualifications and applications of their respective nations for admittance into the United Nations • They will be asked to present their information during the Unit so the lessons are not entirely instructor lead

3. Final Project-Due the last day of the Unit • Students must select a nation other than the one which was presented during a lesson of the unit • Students must give three points as to why this nation is key to the success of the European Union • Students must then also give three points on which the nation may potentially be removed from the Union • All points must be justified in some manner with texts and sources provided throughout the unit • Remember this is an argument presented by the students and must be convincing • Write the paper as if you were presenting it to the entire European Union • Student must present the materials in an organized paper, citing all sources, providing a reference page, and use footnotes • Students must also approve their choice of nation prior to beginning the project • A limit of three students per nation will be allowed. • The paper has a minimum of 1 and ½ pages

4. Unit Long Activities JOURNALING MAPPING Requirements Students will be provided with three maps of Europe One for each day of the unit The maps will be used for any note taking for that day Plenty of space will be provided The students shall shade the nations discussed and the home nations to any individuals mentioned in lecture This will help provide students with a sense of the expansion of the EU from its creation to present day Students at any time may be provided with extra maps of Europe upon request • Requirements: • Students must address two nations or ideas covered in the days lecture material • On the two ideas/nations, the students must voice their perceptions and then research to see if what was perceived is fully truthful or not • Students must also identify what has been new information and old information throughout the unit • The journal entries must be at least ½ a page written but should not exceed 1 ½ pages

5. A Common Union? Founding Fathers, Policies of the EU, Economy of the EU and Expansion Phases 1-2 Day 1

6. A Common Union? • Provide a lasting peace after World War II • Under two nations Germany and France • Economically and Politically • 1950, Robert Schuman proposition • 1951 European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) • Six members • Signed Treaty of Paris • Success lead to (1957) • TREATY OF ROME • Main objectives: • Transform the conditions of trade and manufacture on the territory of the community • EEC was viewed as a contribution towards a functional Construction of a political Europe and moved Europe towards a closer sense of unification • European Economic Community • European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) • Common market eliminating trade barriers • 1967—Formally the European Community • Single Commission, Council of Ministers, and The European Parliament

7. Founding Fathers • Konrad Adenauer • First Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany • First foreign policy—reconciliation with France, signed treaty of friendship • Sir Winston Churchill • Prime Minister of England • Called for the creation of a “United States of Europe” • United Europe is the only guarantee for peace • Alcide de Gasperi • Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs in Italy • Promoted initiative for the fusion of Western Europe • Supported the Schumann Plan • Walter Hallstein (German) • First President of the European Commission • Worked towards a common market, and influence allowed integration beyond his presidency • Jean Monnet “We Unite People, Not States” (French) • Inspiration behind the Schumann Plan • President of the ECSC’s first executive body • Robert Schuman (Luxembourg) • Authored the Schuman plan, introduced on May 9, 1950 (date of the official creation of the EU) • President of the European Parliament (1958-1960) • Paul Henri Spaak (Belgium) • Campaigned for the Unification of Europe directly after WWII • Leading figure in the formulation of the Treaty of Rome (president of the committee which prepared the Treaty) • AltieroSpinelli (Italy) • Leading figure behind the European Parliament’s proposal for a Ready on a Federal European Union—”Spinelli Plan” • Member of the European Parliament

8. Policies of the European Union • Suffrage: • 18 years of age; universal • Executive Branch: • chief of union: President of the European Commission Jose Manuel BARROSO (since 2004) • cabinet: • European Commission (composed of 27 members, one from each member country; each commissioner responsible for one or more policy areas) • elections: • the president of the European Commission designated by member governments and confirmed by the European Parliament; working from member state recommendations, the Commission president then assembles a "college" of Commission members; the European Parliament confirms the entire Commission for a five-year term; the next confirmation process will likely be held in January 2015 • the European Council brings together heads of state and government and the president of the European Commission and meets at least four times a year • its aim is to provide the impetus for the major political issues relating to European integration and to issue general policy guidelines • leaders of the EU member states appointed then Belgian Prime Minister Herman VAN ROMPUY to be the first full-time president of the European Council in November 2009 (he took office on December 1, 2009 ) • and will serve a two-and-one-half year term ( renewable once) • his core responsibilities include chairing the four summits each year and providing continuity beyond the rotating, six-month presidencies of the Council of the EU

9. Policies of the European Union • The Legislative Branch • two legislative bodies consisting of the • Council of the European Union • (27 member-state ministers having 345 votes; the number of votes is roughly proportional to member-states' population) • European Parliament • (736 seats; seats allocated among member states in proportion to population; members elected by direct universal suffrage for a five-year term) • the Council is the main decision-making body of the EU • leaders of the EU member states appointed UK Baroness Catherine Ashton to be the first High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy • Ashton took office on December 1, 2009; her concurrent appointment as Vice President of the European Commission - both of which are subject to confirmation by the European Parliament - endows her position with the policymaking influence of the Council of the EU and the budgetary influence of the European Commission

10. Policies of the European Union • Judicial Branch: • Court of Justice of the European Communities • ensures that the treaties are interpreted and applied uniformly throughout the EU • resolve constitutional issues among the EU institutions • 27 justices (one from each member state) appointed for a six-year term • for the sake of efficiency, the court can sit with 13 justices known as the "Grand Chamber” • Court of First Instance - 27 justices appointed for a six-year term

11. Economy of the EU • Single Market Union • All people, goods, services, and money can move freely among member states as they would in a nation • Firms can compete against each other because trade barriers are removed • Unrestricted access is granted to firms of the entire EU population • Shield against an economic crisis • Prevents problems of one nation being passed onto another nation (beggar-thy-neighbor policies) • Protected under the Schengen agreement • Secures external frontiers • No border controls when travelling by land between 22 of the EU member states (5 decided to remain having border control: Cyprus, Ireland, United Kingdom, Bulgaria and Romania) • The single market thrives on competition and regulatory authorities who guarantee free movement of goods and services

12. Expansion Phase 1--1973 • Denmark • Qualifications • Ireland • Qualifications • United Kingdom • Qualifications • What did it mean to add these three nations? • What are the implications?

13. Expansion Phase 2—1980s • Greece (1981) • Qualifications • Spain (1986) • Qualifications • Portugal • Qualifications • What did it mean to add these three nations? • What are the implications?

14. Treaty of Maasticht, Expansion Phases 3-5 (1995-2007) Day 2

15. Treaty of Maasticht • Basis for forms of cooperation • Foreign Policy • Defense Policy • Judicial Affairs • International Affairs • Providing a provision ensuring citizenship to member nations • Article 8—establishes citizenship and allows all citizens to be subjects of the rights and duties imposed by the treaty • Citizens shall have • Right to reside and move freely within the territory of the member states • Rights to vote and stand as a candidate in municipal elections of the member state resided in • Rights to petition the European Parliament • Creation of an Economic and Monetary Union • Euro • Launched on January 1, 1999 • 2002—EMU using Euro banknotes and coins • Pierre Werner “The Father of the Euro” • Euror, why not the name? • The European Union • Link to the treaty: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/en/treaties/dat/11992M/htm/11992M.html

16. Expansion Phase 3--1995 • Austria • Qualifications • Finland • Qualifications • Sweden • Qualifications • What did it mean to add these three nations? • What are the implications?

17. Expansion Phase 4--2004 What did it mean to add these ten nations? What are the implications? Lithuania Qualifications Malta Qualifications Poland Qualifications Slovakia Qualifications Slovenia Qualifications • Cyprus • Qualifications • Czech Republic • Qualifications • Estonia • Qualifications • Hungary • Qualifications • Latvia • Qualifications

18. Expansion Phase 5--2007 • Bulgaria • Qualifications • Romania • Qualifications • What did it mean to add these three nations? • What are the implications?

19. Pending Applicant Nations, Treaty of Nice, Treaty of Lisbon Day 3

20. Applications Pending • Turkey • Why not admit into the Union? • Why admit into the Union? • Other nations waiting for approval: Macedonia and Croatia • What problems are posed/solved in the questioning of Admitting Turkey to the EU? • What does it mean to be a Candidate Country? • http://europa.eu/abc/keyfigures/candidatecountries/index_en.htm

21. Treaty of Nice • Effective February 1, 2003 • Rules streamlining size and procedures of EU institutions • October 2004 • Effort to establish a new constitution • Failed • Began again in 2007 • Intergovernmental Conference—initially Reform Treaty • Subsequently: Treaty of Lisbon

22. Treaty of Lisbon • Amend existing treaties • Unanimous endorsement • October 2009 • Irish Vote • Czech Republic • Implementation official on December 1, 2009 • Full Text of the Treaty of Lisbon

23. Assignment • Using the Treaty of Lisbon, • Browse through the treaty and find and article or protocol • Write a paragraph explaining the article or protocol • Next on a Map of Europe color in the countries most affected • Next write another paragraph explaining the importance and significance of the article/protocol

24. 2010 and forward • Greece monetary strains • Possibility to remove a country? • What is in store for the future? • Turkey? • Process for removal? • Other nations? • What does “Europe” mean? Boundaries?

25. Animated Map of Expansion • http://europa.eu/abc/history/animated_map/index_en.htm • Tying the information together • Final Journal Entry • Unit quiz • Students thoughts/opinions • Student hypotheses for the future

26. Final Project-Due the last day of the Unit • Students must select a nation other than the one which was presented during a lesson of the unit • Students must give three points as to why this nation is key to the success of the European Union • Students must then also give three points on which the nation may potentially be removed from the Union • All points must be justified in some manner with texts and sources provided throughout the unit • Remember this is an argument presented by the students and must be convincing • Write the paper as if you were presenting it to the entire European Union • Student must present the materials in an organized paper, citing all sources, providing a reference page, and use footnotes • Students must also approve their choice of nation prior to beginning the project • A limit of three students per nation will be allowed. • The paper has a minimum of 1 and ½ pages

27. Final Project Due, Quiz/Map Quiz, Housekeeping activities Day 4

28. Additional Resources for Students • Maps of Europe • Primary Documents on Treaties/Laws forming the EU • The World Factbook

29. RESOURCES • http://europa.eu/index_en.htm • https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ee.html • What Every American Should Know about Europe by Melissa Rossi • National Geographic Student Atlas of the World