1 / 19

Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece. Hippocrates. Individuals. Religion. Four Humours Clinical Observation. Short-term impact First purely practical theory of illness – no gods needed. Long-term impact Used by Galen to develop the theory of Opposites Bleeding and purging became very popular treatments

reidar
Download Presentation

Ancient Greece

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Ancient Greece

  2. Hippocrates Individuals Religion • Four Humours • Clinical Observation Short-term impact First purely practical theory of illness – no gods needed Long-term impact Used by Galen to develop the theory of Opposites Bleeding and purging became very popular treatments Clinical Observation still used today.

  3. Ancient Rome

  4. Galen Individual • Brain controlled the body • Theory of Opposites based on the 4 humours • Wrote lots of books but included lots of errors in them. Religion Risk- taking Money Short-term impact His books were very popular and quickly spread across Europe and Arabia Long-term impact The Church backed his ideas. People could not question Galen’s work or correct his mistakes. He also said women should not be doctors.

  5. The Dark Ages

  6. The Medieval Period

  7. The Renaissance

  8. Vesalius Individuals Attitudes • Showed that Galen made mistakes • Made accurate anatomy books Attitudes Technology Printing Short-term impact Showed that Galen could be wrong Long-term impact Made better surgery possible (once they discovered anaesthetics!)

  9. Harvey Individuals Technology Showed that the Blood circulated around the body Printing Attitudes Experiment Short-term impact Not much – many people didn’t believe Harvey and carried on doing bleeding. This contributed to the death of King Charles II. Long-term impact Made successful surgery possible and led to research into blood transfusions.

  10. The Industrial Period

  11. Jenner Chance Technology Discovered that cowpox could be used as a vaccine to prevent smallpox Individuals Risk-taking Short-term impact Saved hundreds of lives, especially after the government paid him to do the first national vaccination programme. Long-term impact Saved thousands from death and disability after smallpox. Inspired people like Pasteur to find more vaccines.

  12. Pasteur 1867 Chance Rivalry Discovered that Germs were the cause of disease. With his team, discovered the method for creating vaccines. Created vaccines for Chicken Cholera, Anthrax and Rabies Communication Industry Individuals Short-term impact Inspired people like Koch to look for specific Germs Inspired public health improvements Inspired improvements in surgery Long-term impact Saved millions of lives as vaccines, public health improvements and antiseptics came into use. Made new drugs like antibiotics possible.

  13. Koch Chance Rivalry Developed a new method of growing germs. Used new industrial dyes to stain germs. Developed new methods of photography to make records of germs he found. Industry Communication Individuals Short-term impact Found the causes of important diseases like TB and Cholera. Made it possible for others to find even more. Inspired Pasteur to beat him! Long-term impact Ehrlich, who worked with Koch, later developed the chemical dyes as ‘magic bullets’ to cure syphilis. These ‘sulphanomides’ were later also used against blood poisoning.

  14. Nightingale Individuals Nightingale took over nursing at the military hospital in Scutari and demonstrated that nursing saved lives. Back in England she used her fame to set up a nursing school and develop nursing as a respectable profession. Attitudes Chance Communication Short-term impact Many lives were saved by Nightingale and her nurses in Scutari and in England. She set up training for nurses. Long-term impact The government made training for nurses the law. Nightingale showed that women could save lives and helped change attitudes. Women eventually became doctors.

  15. Garrett-Anderson Went to nursing school to get training to become a doctor. Qualified through the Society of Apothecaries exams. Taught herself French and went to university in Paris to earn her medical degree. Set up the New Hospital for Women in London. Individuals Attitudes Teamwork Government Communication Short-term impact Pushed all the boundaries stopping women being doctors and some loopholes were closed as a result. Inspired other women. Long-term impact In 1874 she helped to create the London School of Medicine for Women. In 1876 a law was passed which allowed women to enter train as doctors and surgeons.

  16. Modern

  17. Fleming Found an interesting mould, tested it and showed that it was safe for animals and killed germs in a dish. Wrote up his work in a science journal. Chance Money Individuals War Short-term impact None – a rather boring article on mould. Long-term impact Florey and Chain found his article and developed the mould into a new drug –penicillin.

  18. Florey and Chain Researching germ killers – found Fleming’s article. Developed Penicillin as a drug and proved it worked in humans. Took their ideas to the USA to get the drug manufactured. Communication War Team work Government War Industry Short-termimpact Enough penicillin was made to save many lives in the final battles of WWII. Long-term impact Millions of lives were saved as a result of antibiotics. Fleming got more credit than Florey and Chain though!

  19. Watson and Crick Investigated the structure of DNA. Persuaded a member of a rival team to show them a special X-ray photograph. Used the information in the photo to work out the 3-D structure of DNA. Teamwork Technology Rivalry Short-term impact Scientists got very excited! Long-term impact Scientists worked out the purpose of specific genes leading to DNA testing for diseases, ‘designer’ babies and the possibility of ‘gene therapy’.

More Related