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Historical Review of Educational Computing

Historical Review of Educational Computing. Prepared by Dr. Nancy P. Hunt CSU, Fresno. I. The Early Years. 1960's -- mainframe computing 1976 -- Apple I Developed at the Homebrew Computer Club in Palo Alto 1977 -- Apple II debuted in classrooms 1980 -- "flood" of computers in schools:

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Historical Review of Educational Computing

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  1. Historical Review of Educational Computing Prepared by Dr. Nancy P. Hunt CSU, Fresno

  2. I. The Early Years • 1960's -- mainframe computing • 1976 -- Apple I • Developed at the Homebrew Computer Club in Palo Alto • 1977 -- Apple II debuted in classrooms • 1980 -- "flood" of computers in schools: • Apple II, Commodore PET, Texas Instruments 99, Atari, Radio Shack TRS-80 (IBM introduced first PC's in 1981)

  3. Characteristics of Early Years • A. Typical hardware: TV set & cassette tapes • B. Applications: • programming (in BASIC, later Logo & Pascal) • drill/practice programs

  4. II. The Middle Ages (mid-80's) • A. Development of first 128K machines • Apple IIe, PC jr. • B. More powerful machines allowed the development of applications software • The Print Shop, AppleWorks,Visicalc & Wordstar • C. “Talking" software for Tandy & Apple IIGS. • D. Development of ILS's -- networked curriculum • Computer Curriculum Corporation (CCC), WICAT, Jostens

  5. III. The Renaissance -- New Beginnings/ New Decade (1990's) • A. Macintosh -- Graphic User Interface • B. HyperCard -- first hypermedia program • B. Hypermedia available on all platforms • C. Widespread adoption of CD-Rom technologies • D. Telecommunications capabilities • Internet • World Wide Web

  6. IV. Evolution of Computer Curricula • A. Programming & Computer Literacy • vocational necessity • “trains the mind”

  7. IV. Evolution of Computer Curricula • B. Computer Tool Curriculum • wordprocessing, database, spreadsheets, graphics, telecommunications • problem: must include content/context

  8. IV. Evolution of Computer Curricula • C. Problem Solving Curriculum • Logo • “Problem solving” software

  9. IV. Evolution of Computer Curricula • D. Curriculum-Specific Tools • Language Arts • Mathematics • Social and Natural Sciences • Arts

  10. IV. Evolution of Computer Curricula • D. Hypermedia Programming • HyperCard (Macintosh) • HyperStudio (Apple IIgs, now also for Mac) • Toolbook and Linkway (MS-DOS)

  11. IV. Evolution of Computer Curricula • D. Telecommunications • Electronic mail • Bulletin boards • Newsgroups & listservs • Remote access -- databases and files • Video conferencing

  12. IV. Strongest Trends • Away from drill and practice, with an emphasis on basic skills acquisition Towards promoting collaborative, active learning projects which require critical thinking skills and complex understandings. • Increased use of multimedia and telecommunications

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