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Understanding Operating Systems and Application Software in Computing

This lesson aims to provide a comprehensive overview of operating systems and application software. Students will learn to describe what an operating system is and its functions, including memory management, user interface, and file management. Additionally, National 5 pupils will explore application programs, web browsers, and utility programs, helping them understand the various types of software that enable computing tasks. Through engaging discussions and practical tasks, pupils will get a solid foundation in the role of software in computer systems.

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Understanding Operating Systems and Application Software in Computing

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  1. Computer Systems Nat 4/5 Computing Science Operating Systems

  2. Lesson Aims • By the end of this lesson: • All pupils will be able to: • Describe what an operating system is • Describe the functions of an operating system • National 5 pupils will be able to: • Describe what an application program is • Describe a web browser • Describe some utility programs

  3. Nat 4/5 Types of software • There are two main types of software: • Applications • These are types of software that perform a particular task such as word processing or desktop publishing • Operating Systems • This software manages the hardware and the software that is being used

  4. Nat 5 Applications Software • Application software are programs that are designed to do a particular task. • For example the Microsoft Word Even games are application programs.

  5. Nat 4/5 Operating Systems • An operating system is a piece of software that controls the operation of the hardware and the running of other software. • Two of the more popular operating systems used at present are • Microsoft® Windows • Apple® OSX.

  6. Nat 4/5 Which operating system?Does it matter? • Imagine you are writing an app for a smartphone • Which operating system do you write it for? • IOS®, Android ® or Windows ® ? • Why do you need to bear this in mind? • If I buy Office 2010 for Windows – can I install it on a Mac?

  7. Nat 5 Functions of an operating system • User Interface • Input and output • Memory Management • File management • Error reporting • Kernal

  8. Nat 5 Functions: User Interface • This lets the user give commands and see the effect of their commands • Graphical User Interface – icons • Command line interface - lets the user type commands

  9. Nat 5 Functions - Input Output • Controls the sending and receiving of data to and from peripherals

  10. Nat 5 Functions - Memory Management • Controls which locations in RAM each program is loaded into

  11. Nat 5 Functions - Memory Management • Allocates space in memory for programs & data • Allows multi-tasking – more than 1 program in memory at a time that user switches between • Prevents operating system in RAM being overwritten by user’s programs and data – memory protection

  12. Nat 5 Functions - Memory Management OS decides which locations a program will be loaded into OS ensures that a program doesn’t accidentally use the memory allocated to another program When a program does try to use memory set aside for the operating system, or another program, it usually crashes.

  13. Nat 5 Functions - File Management • Decides where files are saved on backing storageand finds files when they to be loaded

  14. Functions - File Management • Makes efficient use of backing storage • Updates a catalogue of files on outer tracks of disk that stores details of file’s address on disk • adds file name and location on disk when saving • Removes name when deleting • Looks up catalogue when loading a file to find the file on disk • Passes details to I/O system to load file

  15. Functions - File Management Directory Sub-directory Organises files in hierarchical filing system Allows a logical arrangement of files Same filename can be used in different directories Unique pathname to identify file File

  16. Nat 4/5 Functions - Error Reporting • Providing useful feedback to users when errors occur

  17. Summary The Operating System (OS) of a computer is a program which manages the hardware and the running of other software on a computer system. The standard functionsof an OS are: • User interface • Input/Output • File Management • Memory management • Error Reporting An application program is a piece of software that performs a particular task such as games, word processor. Nat 4/5

  18. Pupil Task Pick three different operating systems and find the following: • Its latest version (name or Number) • Three features of the OS • One recent news article about the OS (recent being in the last year)

  19. Utility programs • Perform everyday tasks • May be part of the operating system • May be separate programs • Examples:- • Virus checker – detects and removes viruses • Defragmenter – tidies up hard disk • Backup – creates backup copy of files • Converters, compressors & expanders • Installers/uninstallers – copy program to hard disk or remove it • Printer drivers – enable the computer to send the correct signals to the printer • Email filter & web filters

  20. Virus checker • Virus – rogue program that copies itself by:- • being carried on a memory stick • through a network by e-mail • Computer Misuse Act(1990) makes distributing a virus illegal • Virus checking software detects then removes the virus • Updates downloaded to ensure that new virus can be dealt with

  21. Web browsers • Internet Explorer • MozillaFirefox • Safari • Google Chrome • Program that understands HTML and displays web pages

  22. Questions • Name 3 utility programs that you have used • Describe the function of a web browser • State 5 functions of an operating system

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