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Understanding Carbohydrate Structures: Isomers, Stereochemistry, and Common Forms

This article explores the fundamental structures of common carbohydrates, defined by the generic formula C(H2O)n where n≥4. It discusses how saccharides with identical structural formulas can vary due to the formation of isomers, including aldo-ketal types. The stereochemistry of carbohydrates is covered, highlighting the significance of linear and ring forms, particularly focusing on n=5 (furanose) and n=6 (pyranose) cyclic structures. Additionally, the piece addresses the concept of anomeric forms and compares the chair and boat configurations for better understanding.

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Understanding Carbohydrate Structures: Isomers, Stereochemistry, and Common Forms

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    1. Carbohydrate Structures All common carbohydrates have the generic form C(H2O)n with n>=4 Saccharides with the same structural formula can differ because they form different isomers Aldo-ketal forms Stereochemistry Linear and ring forms (for n>5) common saccharides are n=5 (furanose) and n=6 (pyranose) rings Anomeric forms Chair and boat forms

    2. Aldo-ketal Forms

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