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Lesson I

Lesson I. All About Nouns. Nouns are the names of persons places or things. Latin Nouns Have 4 Features. Case --- how a noun works in its sentence. Number ---whether a noun is singular or plural (singular=one, plural=more than one)

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Lesson I

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  1. Lesson I All About Nouns

  2. Nouns are the names of persons places or things.

  3. Latin Nouns Have 4 Features • Case---howa noun works in its sentence. • Number---whether a noun is singular or plural (singular=one, plural=more than one) • Gender---whether a noun is masculine, feminine, or neuter. • Declension---each noun belongs to one of the 5 declensions: groups of nouns that share the same pattern of endings

  4. 1st Declension Nouns • Let’s learn how to write a 1st declension noun on its “declension chart.” • A declension chart shows the noun in all its cases (spellings). • For example…

  5. AQUAM AQUIS AQUA AQUAE AQUA AQUAS AQUARUM

  6. In Latin, the use of the noun is determined by its case ending, not its place in the sentence. Don’t worry about all these uses right now! We’ll be learning them one by one in the weeks ahead. There are five cases: • Nominative- subject and predicate nominative • Genitive– possession • Dative - indirect object • Accusative- direct object • Ablative– (various)

  7. 1st Declension Nouns • 1st declension nouns end in –ae in their genitive form (the 2nd form listed in the vocab list). • Most 1st declension nouns are feminine. aqua, aquae(feminine) :water

  8. Step 1 – Find the noun stem The noun stem is found by dropping the genitive singular ending from the noun. Dictionary entry of a noun: Puellapuellae, f. girl Meaning Genitive singular Gender Nominativesingular Puellae – ae=puell Noun Stem

  9. Finding noun stems • aqua, aquae (f.) • aqu- • insula, insulae (f.) • insul- • silva, silvae (f.) • silv- • via, viae (f.) • vi-

  10. In Latin, the endings indicate the case of the noun. Write these down! (Endings) Case Singular Plural Nominative a ae Genitive ae arum Dative ae is Accusative am as Ablative ā is Example: insularum = plural genitive

  11. Step 2: Add the case endings to the noun stem. Singular Plural Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative On your whiteboard, decline the following 2 nouns: via, viae (f.) and aqua, aquae (f.)

  12. Cases: nominative casesubjects and predicate nominatives

  13. Sentences: Subject and Predicate “Sentence” comes from the Latin word “sententia” which means “thought.” Sentences are words grouped together to form thoughts!

  14. Sentences: Subject and Predicate Every sentence has 2 parts: the SUBJECT and the PREDICATE. ITALY is a peninsula. The GIRLS carry water.

  15. Subjects and Predicates • In Latin, the subject is always in the NOMINATIVE case. (-a or –ae on the 1st declension chart) • Insulaemagnaesunt. The islands are big. • Italiaestpaeninsula. Italy is a peninsula.

  16. Subjects and Predicates • The nominative case is also used for a PREDICATE NOMINATIVE. • PREDICATE NOMINATIVE is a noun that follows a linking verb. • A linking verb works like an “=“ sign. • It renames the subject: • is, are, was, were…

  17. Predicate Nominatives • John is a student. • John=student. • The teacher is Mrs. Sellers. • Teacher=Mrs. Sellers. • Brittaniaestinsula. • A=B Britain is an island. Britain=island.

  18. Time to practice! • Latin is my favorite class. • Latin ismy favorite class. • Those girls are my best friends. • Those girls are my best friends.

  19. Time to practice! • Rome was once a little settlement on the Tiber River. • Rome was once a little settlement on the Tiber River. • Many English words are derivatives of Latin. • Many English words are derivatives of Latin.

  20. Let’s Practice • 2. Corsica et Melitasuntinsulae. • 4. Florida paeninsula est. • 6. Suntsilvae in Germania. • 8. Troia (Troy) non in Africa sed in Asia est. • 10. Estne (Is…) aqua in Sahara? Estne in Canada aqua?

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