Download
1 / 20
200 likes | 281 Views
Explore John F. Kennedy's presidency in the 1960s, from his election victory over Nixon to the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Bay of Pigs invasion. Discover his domestic initiatives like the New Frontier and civil rights advancements, as well as his foreign policy decisions during the Cold War. Learn about the space race, Alliance for Progress in Latin America, and the tragic Kennedy assassination. Dive into the controversies surrounding the Bay of Pigs invasion and the Berlin Wall. Understand Lyndon Johnson's presidency, the Great Society ideals, and the 1964 election.
E N D
CHAPTER 24 THE NEW FRONTIER AND THE GREAT SOCIETY
CH. 24 - SECT.1 • ELECTION OF 1960 • JOHN F. KENNEDY (DEM.) VS. RICHARD NIXON (REP.) • TV DEBATE - FIRST EVER • ISSUES - ECONOMY AND COLD WAR VERY CLOSE ELECTION BUT JFK WON • WHY WOULD A TV DEBATE FAVOR JFK OVER NIXON? • OLD VS. YOUNG • POOR QUAKER FAMILY VS. WEALTHY AFFLUENT FAMILY • ATTRACTIVE VS. UNATTRACTIVE
KENNEDY • During his campaign JFK exposed the public to the “missile gap” - the fact we lagged behind the USSR in technology • Inauguration Day - “Ask not what your country can do for you - ask what you can do for your country” • Domestic front “New Frontier” - objective was to aid education, health insurance for the elderly, Department of Urban Affairs, help migrant workers. • Difficult to pass - big Gov., too costly
KENNEDY • Things he did get passed: • 1. Allowed to deficit spend - spend money on credit • 2. Spending for defense and space • 3. Tax cut, min. wage to $1.25. • 4. Advanced rights for women • Esther Peterson - assistant sec. of labor • Created Presidential Commission on the Status of Women - called for federal action for equal pay
Supreme Court • Earl Warren - chief justice • Activist - one man, one vote • Reapportionment - changed the way political districts are divided, power shifted to urban areas (cities) - Reynolds v. Sims “one man, one vote”
Supreme Court • Began to apply 14th Amendment to states “No state shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law” • Gideon v. Wainwright - right to a lawyer • Miranda v. Arizona - must read suspects their rights (Miranda warnings) • Several cases reaffirmed separation of church and state - limited prayer in school
Ch. 24 - sect. 2JFK and the Cold War • Kennedy believed Eisenhower relied to heavily on nuclear weapons - massive retaliation • “Flexible Response” - JFK’s belief that the U.S. had to help countries in other ways • -build up conventional weapons and troops • - created special forces “Green Beret”
Aid to other countries • JFK believed that poor conditions in Latin American countries spurred corruption and overthrows • Alliance for Progress - cooperative aid projects in Latin America ($20 billion) • Peace Corp- organization that sent young Americans to perform humanitarian projects
Space Race • U.S. and USSR competing for dominance in space • Neil Armstrong -1st person to step on moon • Alan Sheppard - 1st American launched into space • John Glenn - 1st American to orbit the earth
Crisis of the Cold War • Bay of Pigs Invasion - Cuba • Fidel Castro overthrew Batista in Cuba (1959) and Cuba became allies with the USSR. • Eisenhower told CIA to begin training Cuban exiles - La Brigada • Kennedy approved the plan • April 17, 1961 Bay of Pigs invasion begins and ends in disaster
Bay of Pigs • Why was it such a disaster? • 1. Castro had been warned they were coming • 2. Boats had a lot of trouble in the bay • 3. The people of Cuba never rose up and turned against Castro • 4. U.S. command post cancels air support and leaves the exiles to be killed or captured
Berlin Wall Goes Up • Germans were leaving East Germany and moving to West Germany • 1961 Nikita Khruschev built the Berlin Wall to stop this, stayed up until 1989 • Wall was 12 ft. high / 4 feet wide and 96 miles long • 231 people were killed trying to escape
Cuban Missile Crisis • CIA brings JFK pictures of missile launching pads being constructed in Cuba by the Soviet Union • Robert Kennedy - JFK’s brother and Attorney General • Robert proposed a Naval Blockade around Cuba • Oct. 22 , 1962 blockade begins - The President informs the country • Khruschev agrees to remove the bases if : • U.S. removes their bases in Turkey • U.S. agreed to leave Cuba alone
Kennedy Assassination • November 22, 1963 - Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas • Accused - Lee Harvey Oswald • Shot from the book depository (3 shots fired) • Jack Ruby - Dallas nightclub owner shot Oswald while he was being transferred
Conspiracy Theory • Did Lee Harvey Oswald actually act alone? • Warren Commission - group set up by government to investigate the shooting • Earl Warren - Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in charge of the investigation • -found that Oswald acted alone • Lyndon B. Johnson (JFK’s VP) - became President in 1963
Ch. 24 - sect. 3 • Lyndon Johnson is the only President ever sworn in on Air Force One • Brought 26 years of political experience to the Presidency • He was able to get things done - help bring consensus to Gov. - general agreement • Anti- poverty campaign - passed the Economic Opportunity Act - help fight poverty and create jobs
Sect. 3 continued • 1964 Election • LBJ (Dem) vs. Barry Goldwater (Rep) • LBJ won in a landslide • GREAT SOCIETY - LBJ’s vision that the U.S. should work for a better society • Major Great Society Programs: • Civil rights act, Medicare, Medicaid, head start, housing, clean air • Review p.841-842 • Robert Weaver - 1st African American to serve in a cabinet position - Sec. of Labor
