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Major Plant Groups

Major Plant Groups. Group 1: Seedless, Nonvascular Plants. Live in moist environments Need water to reproduce Grow low to ground (nonvascular) Lack true leaves Common pioneer species Gametophyte most common (dominant) Ex: Mosses, liverworts, hornworts. Group 2: Seedless, Vascular Plants.

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Major Plant Groups

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  1. Major Plant Groups

  2. Group 1: Seedless, Nonvascular Plants Live in moist environments Need water to reproduce Grow low to ground (nonvascular) Lack true leaves Common pioneer species Gametophyte most common (dominant) Ex: Mosses, liverworts, hornworts

  3. Group 2: Seedless, Vascular Plants Vascular system Taller growth Nutrient transportation Live in moist environments swimming sperm Has primitive roots called rhizoids Gametophyte stage Called Prothallus Creates egg and sperm Sporophyte stage Leaves called “Fronds” Spores created on underside in clusters called “sori” Ex: Ferns, Club mosses, Horsetails

  4. Fern Frond

  5. Underside of frond

  6. Group 3: Seed producing, Vascular Plants Type 1: Gymnosperms Needle-like leaves (reduces water loss) Common to lumber industry Seeds enclosed in cones Male cones: produce pollen (sperm) Female cones: produce eggs Zygote hardens into seed (protected inside cones) Ex: Evergreen, Pine, Redwood, Cedar

  7. Gymnosperm Life Cycle 1) Male and female seed cones grow on adult sporophytes Let’s zoom into the cones of this sporophyte tree. Male cones Female cone

  8. 2) Pollen (male gametophyte) released from the male seed cones. Female eggs become fertilized Zygote created inside the female cones Male cones make pollen Female cones make eggs egg zygote egg zygote egg zygote egg zygote

  9. seed seed seed seed 3) Seeds begin to harden inside the female cones

  10. 4) Seeds often spread by wind “wing” helps seeds spread greater distance

  11. 5) Seed will land ground

  12. 6) Seedling grows into (sporophyte)…the cycle repeats ground

  13. Seed Advantages 1) Seed plants don’t depend on water to reproduce Pollen spread by wind and animals 2) Embryo has…. Nourishment: Nutrients inside feed embryo Protection: Hard shell 3) Seeds allow for dispersal Carried by wind, water, animals Wind Wind Wind Some seeds have “wings” Some seeds are carried by wind Some seeds are carried by animals

  14. Helicopter seeds http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0l3okbzCzFE

  15. Group 4: Flowering Plants Angiosperms (flowering plants) Flower = reproductive structure Attract animals to help spread pollen Forms fruit to protect and spread seeds Seeds Grow inside the fruit Inside the seed 1. Embryo 2. Food supply

  16. Seed Dispersal • Fruit brightly colored • Attracts animals • Seeds pass through animals digestive system • Seeds pooped in a new area to grow Fruit seeds in fox poop

  17. Angiosperm Groups • 2 groups: Based on seed type • Cotyledon: embryonic leaf • Two Categories: • Monocots: embryo with 1 seed leaf • Dicots: embryo with 2 seed leaves

  18. Monocots vs. Dicots ehh Know this one ehh ehh Know this one

  19. Apple Tree: Monocot or Dicot? 2 3 1 Net-like veins 4 5

  20. Monocot or Dicot? 2 3 1 4 6 5

  21. Monocot or Dicot?

  22. Monocot or Dicot?

  23. Monocot or Dicot? Veins run parallel

  24. Monocot or Dicot? Veins run parallel

  25. Monocot or Dicot? Veins branch outward

  26. Angiosperm Life Spans • Three Life Span Types: • 1) Annuals • Seed grows… • Produce flowers & seeds… • Die • 2) Biennials • 1st year: • Seed grows and stores food • 2nd year: • grows more… • makes flowers & seeds… • dies • 3) Perennials • Live for more than 2 years • May take decades to grow fruit

  27. Flowers petals sepals • Reproductive structure of angiosperms • Sepals • outer ring of leaves • protection • Petals • Inner ring of leaves • Brightly colored to attract pollinators • Male and female organs found inside

  28. Tulip Pistil and Stamen female male

  29. Lily Pistil and Stamen female male

  30. Pistil and Stamen female male

  31. Pistil and Stamen female male

  32. Flowers • Male Stamen • Anther: produces pollen (sperm) • Female Carpel/Pistil • Inner most part • Ovary: within the base • Contains eggs • Grows into fruit when fertilized • Stigma: sticky tip, collects pollen

  33. Self-Pollination(own pollen fertilizes own egg) . . .

  34. Cross-Pollination(pollen of one, fertilizes egg of another) . . .

  35. Angiosperm Life Cycle 1) Pollen sticks to animal or released into wind Here is an apple tree….lets zoom into an individual flower. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

  36. Angiosperm Life Cycle 1) Pollen sticks to animal or released into wind 2) Insect comes across another flower and spreads the pollen to stigma . . . . . . . . . . . .

  37. Angiosperm Life Cycle 1) Pollen sticks to animal or released into wind 2) Insect comes across another flower and spreads the pollen to stigma . 3) Pollen tube grows towards ovary

  38. Angiosperm Life Cycle 1) Pollen sticks to animal or released into wind 2) Insect comes across another flower and spreads the pollen to stigma . . 3) Pollen tube grows towards ovary 4) Nucleus travels down pollen tube to fertilize egg

  39. Angiosperm Life Cycle 1) Pollen sticks to animal or released into wind 2) Insect comes across another flower and spreads the pollen to stigma . 3) Pollen tube grows towards ovary ovary seed . 4) Nucleus travels down pollen tube to fertilize egg 5) Zygote hardens into seed…flower starts to die

  40. Angiosperm Life Cycle 1) Pollen sticks to animal or released into wind 2) Insect comes across another flower and spreads the pollen to stigma 3) Pollen tube grows towards ovary ovary 4) Nucleus travels down pollen tube to fertilize egg 5) Zygote hardens into seed…flower starts to die 6) Ovary grows into a fruit (seeds insides)

  41. Angiosperm Life Cycle 1) Pollen sticks to animal or released into wind 2) Insect comes across another flower and spreads the pollen to stigma 3) Pollen tube grows towards ovary 4) Nucleus travels down pollen tube to fertilize egg 5) Zygote hardens into seed…flower starts to die 6) Ovary grows into a fruit (seeds insides)

  42. Angiosperm Life Cycle 1) Pollen sticks to animal or released into wind 2) Insect comes across another flower and spreads the pollen to stigma 3) Pollen tube grows towards ovary 4) Nucleus travels down pollen tube to fertilize egg 5) Zygote hardens into seed…flower starts to die 6) Ovary grows into a fruit (seeds insides)

  43. A few hours later… seed

  44. Seedling begins to grow… seed

  45. Years later….

  46. HW: Bring a flower and leaf to school. One with distinct male and female parts.

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