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Unit 4. Secession, Civil War and Reconstruction. Day 1. Do Now. Looking Forward. Situating Ourselves. Step 1: Look at your card Step 2: SILENTLY arrange yourselves in chronological order The earliest event: by the door The most recent event: by the window
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Unit 4 Secession, Civil War and Reconstruction
Situating Ourselves • Step 1: Look at your card • Step 2: SILENTLY arrange yourselves in chronological order • The earliest event: by the door • The most recent event: by the window • Step 3: When you are ready to be checked, put your left hand on your head
The North vs. The South The North The South Does not support a strong federal government Advocates states’ rights Agricultural economy Free blacks: some Purchased own freedom Masters freed them Abolitionists are vilified • Supports a strong federal government that will unify the nation economically • Federal rights • Industrial economy • Free blacks: many • Prominent abolitionist movement
Characteristics • Look at your card: is it a characteristic of the North or the South • Think: What have we covered? • Think: What inferences or assumptions can I make? • Think: Can I make an educated guess? • Tape your card to the side on which it belongs • NORTH: by the door • SOUTH: by the window
Writing! • Write one full paragraph explaining the relative importance of your characteristic in the lead-up to the Civil War • Answer these questions: • Is it a characteristic of the North or the South?How do you know that? • Did it “trigger” any other events? If so, which ones? • Is it the most important event leading to the Civil War? Is it the least important even leading to the Civil War? Is it somewhere in the middle? Support your claim!
The Republican Party • 1854: Republican Party forms • Northern Democrats (supported Andrew Jackson) who oppose slavery • Whigs (opposed Andrew Jackson) • Free Soilers (opposed slavery in new territory) • Did NOT call for the immediate abolition of slavery • Adopted the “Free Soil” position of opposing the extension of slavery into new US territories • Examples??
1860 Election Stephen Douglas (Democrat) Abraham Lincoln (Republican)
The Confederate States of America • December 20, 1860: South Carolina secedes from the Union (withdraws) • February 1861: Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Louisiana, Texas • Jefferson Davis is elected president of the Confederate States of America • April 12, 1861: Fort Sumter
Do Now (Copy this into your notes) What were the colonists fighting for during the Revolutionary War? What were the Confederates fighting for during the Civil War?
Looking Forward • Tonight’s Homework “4.CivilWar.AfricanAmericans” on African American soldiers and the Emancipation Proclamation - Annotate • On Edmodo in the Unit 4 folder • In the hall: Pick up a copy AFTER class • Unit 4 Test: Next week
Right Now • Open the “4. Civil War. Guided Notes” in the Unit 4 folder on Edmodo
Strategies Confederacy Union
The Union: The Anaconda Plan • Surround the Confederacy and cut off all supply lines • Restrict southern trade, transport and communications by seizing control of the Mississippi River
The Confederacy: War of Attrition • Don’t need to win the war • Need to resist long enough for the Union to give up
Main Objective: PRESERVATION “You have no oath registered in heaven to destroy the Government while I shall have the most solemn one to preserve, protect and defend it” (Abraham Lincoln)
Main Objective: SELF-PRESERVATION “We are not fighting for slavery. We are fighting for independence.” (Jefferson Davis)
Important Figures: the Union George McClellan: first commander of the Army of the Potomac, slow to action, fired in 1862 Ulysses S. Grant: given command of Union forces in 1864, eventually defeated Lee William Sherman: general in the west; famous for March to the Sea & total war
Important Figures: The Confederacy Robert E. Lee: commander of the Confederate Army Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson: Confederate general under Lee
Battle Blitz! • Step 1: Visit each station to complete your guided notes on the battles of the Civil War TIP: Spend about 3-4 minutes at each station • Step 2: Return to your seat • Step 3: Summarize (main “who” and main “what”) each battle in your notes
Fort Sumter • April 12, 1861 • First shots of the Civil War are fired off the coast of Charleston • Union soldiers are forced to evacuate, Confederates claim their first victory
Bull Run/ Manassas First Bull Run Second Bull Run August 29, 1862 First major victory for General Robert E. Lee Ended Union hopes of invading Richmond • July 21, 1861 • Manassas is the nearest town • First confrontation between the two armies • Union was defeated
Antietam • September 17, 1862 • General McClellan uncovers secret Confederate plans and sneak attacks the Confederates • Bloodiest single day of the war • Halted the Confederate advance Northward
Vicksburg • May 15-July 4, 1863 • Vicksburg, Mississippi is the last Confederate obstacle to total Union control of the Mississippi River • General Grant laid siege and starved Vicksburg for almost two months • The town finally surrendered after resorting to eating horses, mules, dogs and rats
Gettysburg • July 1-3, 1863 • Key turning point to the war for the Union • Ended any Southern hopes of successfully invading the north • The bloodiest battle of the war • Four months later, Lincoln gives the “Gettysburg Address” at a ceremony dedicating a ceremony on the site of the battlefield
Sherman’s March to the Sea • May-December 1864 • Following Sherman’s win over Atlanta, Union forces marched East towards Savannah • Destroyed bridges, factories and railroad lines
Do Now • Tell me ONE way your life would have been different if the Emancipation Proclamation had never been passed
Looking Forward • This Weekend’s Homework: Complete all Unit 4 flashcards, begin to review • Unit 4 Test: March 12
Political Issues • Four slave states remain with the Union(Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware, Maryland) • Writ of habeas corpus: the guarantee that a person cannot be imprisoned without being brought before a judge • Lincoln suspends it • Jailed the strongest supporters of the Confederacy • Established a draft: government selects certain individuals for military service • Copperheads: Union Democrats who criticized Lincoln and the War
The Emancipation Proclamation “My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and it is not to save or destroy Slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slaves, I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing all the salves, I would do it…and I intend no modification of my oft expressed personal wish that all men, everywhere, could be free.”
The Emancipation Proclamation • After the victory at Antietam • Emancipation Proclamation: freed the slaves in states in rebellion against the Union • Union slave states: slavery still legal • Goal: Confederacy would return to the Union rather than risk losing slaves
African Americans in the Army • Not officially allowed to enlist until 1862 • All-black regiments under the command of white officers • 54th Massachusetts
Day End of the War
Remind Me… • What were the major battles of the Civil War? • What was Lincoln’s goal at the beginning of his presidency? • What was the Emancipation Proclamation? What did it do? • What was life like for African Americans in the Civil War?
Union Victory • March 1864: Ulysses S. Grant is commander of the Union army • Two months of bloodybattles • General Lee: surrendering is better than more lost lives • April 9, 1865: General Lee surrenders to General Grant at the Appomattox Courthouse
Reading Stations • Step 1: Read the instructions at your station • Step 2: Compete the activity • Step 3: Answer the comprehension questions
Lincoln’s Death • April 14, 1865: John Wilkes Booth( a Confederate sympathizer) assassinates President Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, DC • What does this do to Confederate sympathizers? • What does this do to the Union cause?
Period 1 How does Lincoln’s death effect the reality of the Union “victory”?
Period 4 • Study Island!
Day Reconstruction
