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Thermodynamic Analysis of Turbo Jet Engines

Thermodynamic Analysis of Turbo Jet Engines. P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department. Infusion of More Life into Jet…. Turbojets: Flexible High Vigor Jets. World's first operational turbojet engine. Dimensions: 1.48 m long, 0.93 m diameter Weight: 360 kg

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Thermodynamic Analysis of Turbo Jet Engines

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  1. Thermodynamic Analysis of Turbo Jet Engines P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department Infusion of More Life into Jet….

  2. Turbojets: Flexible High Vigor Jets

  3. World's first operational turbojet engine • Dimensions: 1.48 m long, 0.93 m diameter • Weight: 360 kg • Thrust: 450 kgf (4.4 kN) @ 13,000 rpm and 800 km/h • Compression ratio: 2.8:1 • Specific fuel consumption: 2.16 gal/(lb·h) [18.0 L/(kgf·h)]

  4. World's first Aircraft : He178 • General characteristics • Crew: One • Length: 7.48 m (24 ft 6 in) • Wingspan: 7.20 m (23 ft 3 in) • Height: 2.10 m (6 ft 10 in) • Wing area: 9.1 m² (98 ft²) • Empty weight: 1,620 kg (3,572 lb) • Max takeoff weight: 1,998 kg (4,405 lb) • Powerplant: 1× HeS 3 turbojet, 4.4 kN (992 lbf) • Performance • Maximum speed: 698 km/h (380 mph) • Range: 200 km (125 mi)

  5. Worlds Most Powerful Engine : GE90-115B The World’s Largest Jet Engine is Already More Powerful Than America’s First Manned Space Rocket • Compressor: Axial flow, 4-stage low pressure, 9-stage high pressure • Turbine: High pressure two stages, low pressure 6 stages • Maximum Thrust: 569 kN • Overall pressure ratio: 42.1 • Thrust-to-weight ratio: 6.3

  6. Smallest Nanotube jet engine : 9 October 2016 • he smallest jet engine is 220 nm (0.0000086614 in), achieved by Xing Ma (China) and Samuel Sánchez (Spain), demonstrated in Max-Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems Institution, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany, on 9 October 2016 • The 'engine' is actually a nanotube, powered by an enzyme-triggered biocatalytic reaction using urea as fuel. The reaction creates an internal flow that extends out into the fluid, causing an open cavity to form. • This results in thrust, propelling the nanotube along.

  7. Micro-turbojets for Weapons

  8. Variation of Turbo Technologies

  9. Thermal Energy Management & Conservation

  10. Vac Vjet 6 4 2 5 1 3 Anatomy of A Jet Engine

  11. Turbojets: Flexible High Vigor Jets Five basic components: intake: captures air and efficiently delivers it to compressor. compressor: increases air pressure and temperature. combustor: adds kerosene to the air and burns the mixture to increase the temperature and energy levels further. turbine: extracts energy from the gases to drive the compressor via a shaft. nozzle: accelerates the gases further. High levels of engineering required for efficient operation, especially for compressor and turbine - therefore costly compared with ramjet.

  12. Ideal Ramjet Cycle Vs Ideal Turbojet Cycle Stagnation Temperature vs Entropy 3,4 T0 1,2 s 4 3 5,6 T0 1,2

  13. Ideal Ramjet Cycle Vs Ideal Turbojet Cycle – Static Temperature vs Entropy 3 2 4 T 1 s 4 5 3 T 6 : Jet 2 1 s

  14. Ideal Ramjet Cycle Vs Ideal Turbojet cycle – Stagnation Pressure Vs Entropy 3,4 1,2 p0 4 3 s p0 5,6 1,2 s

  15. Ideal Ramjet Cycle – Static Pressure vs Entropy 3 2 ps 4 1 4 3 s 5 p 2 6: Jet 1 s

  16. Vac Vjet 2 1 Components of A Jet Engine : Intake 1 -- 2 s = constant T: Increasing p: Increasing

  17. Passive Isentropic Control Volumes Can never Afford to Generate High Compression Total Pressure and Total Temperature are just reference measures…..

  18. Vac Vjet 2 3 Anatomy of A Jet Engine : Compressor 2 -- 3 s = constant T : increasing p : increasing

  19. Compressor : Steady State Stead Flow Process 2 3 Conservation of mass First Law :

  20. Ideal Compressor No heat transfer, change in potential energies is negligible

  21. Compressors CostsA Lot !!! A compressor of A Jet engine is an active device, i.e. there exist capital and running cost. If so, why is this? Do I get more befit than the expenditure? Does it also compensate extra capital cost too?

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