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Development of Emission Inventories for Air Quality Plans

Learn about the California Emission Inventory Program and how it informs air quality planning through identifying pollution sources, pollutants, and control strategies. Explore types of inventories, pollutants, and responsible parties involved in emission inventory development.

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Development of Emission Inventories for Air Quality Plans

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  1. Development of Emission Inventories for Air Quality Plans Bart E. Croes, P.E. Chief of the Research Division California Air Resources Board Delhi, India November 6-11, 2000

  2. Presentation Outline • I. Overview • II. California’s Emission Inventory Program • III. Planning for Emission Inventories

  3. Building an Air Quality Plan Clean Air Control Strategy Air Quality Modeling Emission Inventory Air Quality Monitoring

  4. Emission Inventory “Is a comprehensive listing of the sources of air pollution and an estimate of their emissions within a specific geographic area for a specific time interval.”

  5. Inventories can be used to: • Identify sources of pollution • Identify pollutants of concern • Amount, distribution, trends • Identify and track control strategies • Input to air quality modeling • Input to health risk assessment

  6. Types of Inventories • Annual average • Seasonal inventories • Forecasted - future estimates • Gridded / Modeling

  7. Pollutants:Criteria TOG - total organic gases ROG - reactive organic gases CO - carbon monoxide NOx - oxides of nitrogen SOx - oxides of sulfur PM - particulate matter PM10 - PM < 10 microns

  8. Pollutants:Toxics • Diesel PM • Benzene • 1,3-Butadiene • Formaldehyde • Hexavalent Chromium • Perchloroethlyene • Lead

  9. StationarySources • Refineries • Manufacturing • Food processing • Electric utilities • Chemical production

  10. Area-WideSources • Farming • Paved & unpavedroad dust • Solvents • Consumerproducts • Open burning

  11. Mobile Sources • Cars • Trucks • Buses • Aircraft • Trains • Ships

  12. Non- anthropogenic • Wildfires • Biogenics • Windblown Dust

  13. California’sEmissionInventoryProgram

  14. California’s Emission Inventory Program • Required by State law • Over 30 years of experience • Cooperative effort with other agencies (state, federal, local) • Cooperation with industry groups • Commitment of resources

  15. California Process • Local Districts - facility data • State - on-road and off-road emissions • Both share area-wide categories • Other agencies also provide data

  16. California’s Inventory • Comprehensive inventory • Data base 1979-1999 • Forecasts to 2020 • Criteria and toxics • Over 800 categories of emissions • Over 12,000 stationary sources

  17. Inventory Improvements • Ongoing research • Category improvements to support regulations • Intense studies every 3-4 years to support planning process • Published annually • Incorporate new improvements

  18. Statewide ChangesROG for 1995

  19. Statewide ChangesNOx for 1995

  20. Passenger Car Emissions Changes for Southern CaliforniaYear 2000, by Emissions Model tons/day

  21. Consumer ProductsSouthern California, 1997

  22. NOx PM10 ROG Southern California NOx, ROG, PM10 Source: 1999 California Almanac of Emissions & Air Quality, ARB

  23. Southern California Trends NOx, ROG, PM10 NOx PM10 ROG Source: 1999 California Almanac of Emissions & Air Quality, ARB

  24. Air Quality Improvement versus Growth

  25. Resource Commitment • Over 50 people at State level • 35 districts staffs • Millions in research dollars • An inventory for an air quality plan may take 1-3 years and $500k to $1million

  26. Lessons Learned • Need for regulatory framework • Inventories take time and resources • Inventory development is a continuous and iterative process • Reduced emission means improved air quality

  27. Planning for the Development of Emission Inventories

  28. Developing Emission Inventories • Planning for inventory development • Data collection • Data management and reporting

  29. Type and Scope region resolution pollutants sources Methodologies AvailableResources ExistingInformation Responsible Parties Emission Inventories forAir Quality Planning InventoryObjectives

  30. Selection of Methods • Intended use of inventory • Availability of data • Practicality of method • Priority of category • Time/Resources

  31. Methodologies • Top down approach • Continuous emission monitors • Source testing • Material balance • Emission factors • Fuel analysis • Surveys • Engineering judgement

  32. Estimation Models • BEIS (biogenics) • Landfill Gas Emission Model • TANKS (storage tanks) • MECH (PM emissions form road, ag.) • PM Calc (PM2.5 emissions) • MOBILE6 / EMFAC2000 • OFFROAD Model

  33. Where to Find Information • Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) • 10 volumes of methods • California Air Resources Board • Area Source Manual • Speciation Manuals • CATEF toxic emission factors • U. S. EPA • CHIEF clearinghouse • Fire Database (toxic factors)

  34. Collect Data   Reports Calculate Emissions   Data Handling System Quality Assurance  Documentation Data Collection & Management ReportsAnnual Average Seasonal Forecasted Gridded

  35. Process Rate (Activity) EmissionFactor Emissions x = Number of Units Emissions per Unit = Total Emissions x Calculate Emissions

  36. Data Collection • Activity data • Emission factors • Facility information • Spatial and temporal • Speciation

  37. Data Quality Objectives • Accuracy/uncertainty • Completeness • Representativeness • Comparability • Consistency • Reasonableness

  38. Documentation • Methods used • Sources of data • Assumptions • Calculations • Communication

  39. Data Management • Needs/capabilities • Expandability/flexibility • Computer system • Ease of use

  40. Data Reporting • Annual average • Seasonal • Forecasted • Gridded/modeling

  41. Forecasting Emissions • Forecast emissions based on expectations of future economic conditions, population growth, and emission controls • Need a baseline emission inventory, growth factors and control factors

  42. Gridded/Modeling Emissions • Determined by model selection • Spatially and temporallyresolved • Hourly emissions bygrid cell • Day specific emissions Gridded NOx Emissions

  43. Facilities emitting greater than 100 tons/year ROG shown. Los Angeles CountyGridded ROG

  44. Resources Needed • Dependent on OBJECTIVES! • Minimum of 18 months - 3 years? • 4-6 people full time? • $500k to $1 million?

  45. Building an Air Quality Plan Clean Air Control Strategy Air Quality Modeling Emission Inventory Air Quality Monitoring

  46. Conclusions • Plan for inventory development • Identify needs • Identify resources • Build on what others have done • Schedule to allow time • Cooperative efforts needed between agencies & businesses

  47. Contact and Information ARB Emissions Contact:Linda Murchison, Ph.D.lmurchis@arb.ca.gov916-322-6021Web Site:http://arb.ca.gov/emisinv/eib.htmCalifornia Air ResourcesBoard

  48. END

  49. Emission Inventory Discussion Group

  50. Type and Scope region resolution pollutants sources Methodologies AvailableResources ExistingInformation Responsible Parties Emission Inventory Planning Objectives

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