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Introduction to Genetics: Mendel's Experiments & Inheritance Principles

Explore Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants, diving into inheritance, dominant and recessive traits, Punnett squares, and the principles of genetics. Understand how alleles segregate, predict genetic variations, and differentiate between phenotypes and genotypes.

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Introduction to Genetics: Mendel's Experiments & Inheritance Principles

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  1. Introduction to Genetics Chapter 11

  2. Are Traits Inherited?

  3. Gregor Mendel • Used garden peas in his experiments • Peas reproduce sexually in a process known as fertilization • Pea plants were true breeders – they produced identical offspring if they were allowed to self polinate

  4. Gregor Mendel • Studied 7 different pea plant traits • He crossed plants and studied their offspring • Original pea plant is the P generation • Offspring are the F1 generation • Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits are called hybrids

  5. Principle of dominance • Some alleles are dominant and others are recessive

  6. Segregation • Do recessive alleles disappear? • F1 Cross • P. 266

  7. Probability & Punnett squares

  8. Genetics & Probability • Likelihood that a particular even will occur = probability • Flipping a coin. What are the chances it will land on heads? On tails? • Alleles segregate completely random just like flipping a coin

  9. Punnett Squares • Can be used to predict and compare the genetic variations that will result from a cross

  10. Punnett Squares • Identical alleles for a particular trait = homozygous • Different alleles for a particular trait = heterozygous • Physical characteristics are called phenotypes • The actual alleles present for a trait or the genetic make up is known as genotype

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