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Optimizing Single Mode Fiber Coupling: Sensitivities, Tolerances, and Solutions

Explore the intricacies of coupling single mode fibers - from basic definitions to misalignments and mode mismatches. Learn how to solve tolerancing problems and improve coupling efficiency in complex systems.

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Optimizing Single Mode Fiber Coupling: Sensitivities, Tolerances, and Solutions

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  1. Single Mode Fiber CouplingSensitivities and Tolerancing Lori Moore

  2. Overview • Basic Definitions • Misalignments • Lateral • Angular • Longitudinal • Mode mismatch • Example Tolerancing Problem • Coupling between two single mode fibers in air • Figure of Merit – Coupling Efficiency • Why • Starting point for more complex systems • Non-linear tolerancing problem Lori Moore

  3. Single Mode Fiber Definitions Variables used • ωo = mode field radius (1/e2) • n0 = index outside of fiber • λ = wavelength Lori Moore

  4. Loss Due to Lateral Misalignment Lori Moore

  5. Loss Due to Lateral Misalignmentλ = 1.3 μm ω0 = 4.65 μm Lori Moore

  6. Loss Due to Angular Misalignment Lori Moore

  7. Loss Due to Angular Misalignmentλ = 1.3 μm ω0 = 4.65 μm Lori Moore

  8. Loss Due to Longitudinal Misalignment Lori Moore

  9. Loss Due to Longitudinal Misalignmentλ = 1.3 μm ω0 = 4.65 μm n0 = 1 Lori Moore

  10. Loss Due to Mode Mismatch Lori Moore

  11. Loss Due to Mode Mismatchλ = 1.3 μm ω0 = 4.65 μm n0 = 1 Lori Moore

  12. Example Tolerancing Problem • Goal • Loss < 0.46 dB (10%) • Other constrains • Fiber to Fiber coupling • Wavelength = 1.3 μm • Mode field radius = 4.65 μm (1/e2) • Gap material is air (n = 1) Lori Moore

  13. Perturbation AnalysisCan’t Assume Linearity Lori Moore

  14. One Possible Solution Lori Moore

  15. Closing Remarks and References • Other issues to consider • Dirt on fiber • Burning the fiber with too much power • Humidity • Wavelength • References • OFR catalogue • http://www.ofr.com/misc/OFR_2001_Fiber.pdf • Further Reading • For gaussian beam propagation • Lasers, A. E. Siegman (1986) especially Chapter 17 and 20 Lori Moore

  16. Conversion from Decibels to Transmission Percent Calculating Loss in dB (LdB) Calculating Loss in % (L%) Lori Moore

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