Define the Groups of Russian People

1. Define the Groups of Russian People Boyars Tsars of Russia Serfs Define: How did this group Change during the modernization of Russia? • Define: • Give an Example: • Define: • How did this group Change during the modernization of Russia?

2. Russiaand Peter the Great

3. Peter the Great • Modernizes Russia • Examples: • Education, building projects, social reforms • Examples of Absolute Control • Social: • Orders western dress and cutting of Boyars (nobles) beards • Economic: • Adopts mercantilist policies, encourage exports • Political: • Controlled Boyars by forcing them to serve the state

4. Expansion of Russia • Under Peter the Great, Russia becomes the largest state in the world by Peter's time. • Three times the size of Europe

5. Expansion of Russian Borders What does Peter want? Does Peter get what he wants? Creates a large standing army and navy Unable to defeat the Ottoman Empire, Failed to get a warm water port Goes to war with Sweden for land on the Baltic Sea and then builds a brand new city – St. Petersburg (originally a swamp, becomes a modern city) • Peter wants to build a strong military • Peter wants a warm water port to trade with the west • Wants a new capital city– along the Baltic Sea

6. Building a City Facts on St. Petersburg Map of St. Petersburg • Known as a “window to the west” as the new capital is meant to be a city where western ideas would come in to Russia • A great symbol of Peter’s and Russia’s power and absolute control • Orders serfs to work on city • A symbol of Russia’s modernization • Modern architecture and design

7. Peter’s Palace “Peterhof Palace” Facts on Peter the Great’s Palace: • Known as the Russian Versailles, partially designed by Peter the Great • About 200 meters • Decorated with Gold • Surrounded by gardens Question: 1. Peter modeled his palace so that it looked a lot like the Palace of Versailles (in France). - Why do you think that Peter chose to build his palace in the French Style? 2. Why would Peter need a palace like Peterhof’s Palace?

9. Effects of Peter the Great’s Reign? Positive Negative Rules with absolute authority – often very violently Executes his own son Growth of serfdom Not always successful in goals No warm-water port • Modernizes Russia • Improves military, education, legal code • Expands Russian Borders • Creates a large empire (3 billion acres) • Makes Russia a major European Power

10. Which of the following statements do you agree with? And Why? • A). A government leader should never have absolute authority. • B). A government leader can exercise absolute authority if it will help advance a country’s economy. • C). A governmental leader can exercise absolute authority when a country is under attack. • D). A government leader can exercise absolute authority whenever it will advance a country’s interests.

11. Building Russian power – • (Russia, part 3) – start 1:36 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uy9HodMC048 • (Russia, part 4) – end 3:17, or 5:23 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bPj1tAKmPzc