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The World of 3D Printing: Technology, Applications, and Challenges

Explore the realm of 3D printing, from its manufacturing process to applications in various industries. Learn about additive methods like FDM, SLS, and SLA, different file formats, and materials used. Discover the potential and challenges of this innovative technology.

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The World of 3D Printing: Technology, Applications, and Challenges

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  1. 3D Printing • Yingcai Xiao

  2. 3D Printing What and How Categories 3D Model Creation File Formats Printers Applications Services Challenges

  3. What is 3D Printing? • A manufacturing process • 3D objects • Additive (one layer at a time) • According to 3D models • http://3dprinting.com/what-is-3d-printing/#whatitis

  4. What is 3D Printing? "Rapid prototyping slicing" by Materialgeeza - Own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rapid_prototyping_slicing.jpg#/media/File:Rapid_prototyping_slicing.jpg

  5. How does it work? • Additive: one layer at a time • Common methods for producing layers: • FDM, SLS, SLA • FDM: fused deposition modeling • SLS: selective laser sintering • SLA: stereolithography

  6. Categories of Additive Manufacturing (American Society for Testing and Materials) • Extrusion Deposit • Vat Photopolymerisation • Material Jetting • Binder Jetting • Powder Bed Fusion • Sheet Lamination • Directed Energy Deposition

  7. Extrusion Deposit • A.k.a: fused deposition modeling (FDM) • Most commonly used • Prototyping • Inexpesive "FDM by Zureks" by Zureks - Own work. Licensed under GFDL via Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:FDM_by_Zureks.png#/media/File:FDM_by_Zureks.png

  8. Extrusion Deposit • Structure of an Extruder • Demo of FDM • https://youtu.be/WHO6G67GJbM "Extruder lemio" by Lemio - http://reprap.org/wiki/File:Extruder_lemio.svg. Licensed under GFDL via Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Extruder_lemio.svg#/media/File:Extruder_lemio.svg

  9. Extrusion Deposit • Extrusion Materials • acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) • polylactic acid (PLA) • high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) • thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) • aliphatic polyamides (nylon), • Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) • paste-like materials (ceramic, chocolate, …)

  10. Powder Bed Fusion • E.g.: Selective laser sintering (SLS) • "Selective laser melting system schematic" by Materialgeeza - Own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Selective_laser_melting_system_schematic.jpg#/media/File:Selective_laser_melting_system_schematic.jpg

  11. Powder Bed Fusion • Selective laser sintering (SLS) • Developed in 1980s at UT Austin • Pattern expired 2014 • Materials: metals, polymers, nylon • In powder form. • Un-melted powder becomes supporting material.

  12. Vat Photopolymerisation Examples: SLA (stereolithography) CLIP (Continuous Liquid Interface Production) "Stereolithography apparatus" by Materialgeeza - Own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stereolithography_apparatus.jpg#/media/File:Stereolithography_apparatus.jpg

  13. Material Jetting • Image source: CustomPartNet Image source: CustomPartNet

  14. Binder Jetting Image source: additively.com

  15. 3D Model Creation • 3D Scanners • e.g.: Kinect • CAD (Computer-Aided Design) software • e.g.: AutoCAD (free for students) • http://www.autodesk.com/education/free-software/all • Visualization software • e.g. VTK • http://www.vtk.org/

  16. 3D Print File Format • STL: STereoLithography • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STL_%28file_format%29 • By 3D Systems • Triangulated surface meshes • ASCII or binary • No unit • No color

  17. 3D Print File Format • 3MF: 3D Manufacturing Format • www.3mf.io • Geometries (Triangulated, NURBs, …) • Materials (Color, Texture, Composite) • Open source

  18. 3D Print File Format

  19. 3D Print File Format • 3MF: 3D Manufacturing Format www.3mf.io • Microsoft • Consortium • https://github.com/3mfconsortium • Microsoft donated code reads STL/OBJ/3MF, writes 3MF • http://www.3mf.io/what-is-3mf/3mf-specification/

  20. 3D Print File Format • 3MF Example created by • Kinect • Supported in Windows 10

  21. 3D Printers • Prusa (RepRap.org) • MakerBot Replicator • LulzBot TAZ • MakerGear • Formlabs • Ultimaker • Polymaker (printing materials)

  22. Applications • Prototyping • Manufacturing (cars, houses,..) • Arts • Entertainment • Medicine • Food • Personal • https://www.google.com/search?q=3D+printing&biw=1280&bih=689&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0CAgQ_AUoA2oVChMI3rKu4IWLyAIVi0mSCh1NwQpL

  23. 3D Printing Services • Printing Services: • Sculpteo • Ponoko • Shapeways

  24. 3D Printing Services • Model Services: • Pinshape • CGTrader • MyMiniFactory • Thingiverse • Yeggi

  25. Challenges in 3D Printing • True color objects • Supporting curved objects in FDM • Voxelization (non smooth surface and internal fracture)

  26. Summary Infographics by Sculpteo http://3dprinting.com/what-is-3d-printing/#whatitis http://3dprint.com

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