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Evolution of Network Security: From Legacy Measures to Anti-Spyware Solutions

Explore the transformation in internet security, threats, and applications, from traditional firewall approaches to modern anti-spyware systems. Discover the impact of evolving technologies on network safety and the challenges faced by internet users.

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Evolution of Network Security: From Legacy Measures to Anti-Spyware Solutions

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  1. Research Roadmap on network security: from practical firewall to anti-spam/spyware PhD Candidate: Ming-Wei (Benson) Wu, 吳明蔚 Dept. of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University benson@ee.ntu.edu.tw http://www.ee.ntu.edu.tw/~benson Benson Wu, 2005

  2. Questions to Answer • Changes in Security • Perimeter • Depth • Granularity • Case studies • Anti-spyware • Conclusions • What have I done? • Brief background • Research • What does Internet Security look like today? • Changes in Internet users and applications • Changes in Threat • Legacy security measures Benson Wu, 2005

  3. Brief Background 1992~1996 English 馬尼拉美國學校 ISM 2003~2005 Domain knowledge Leadership Implementation 台網資訊中心 台灣新世代網路菁英 TaiWan Internet Next Generation 資訊工業策進會 Information Industry Institution 台大電機分散式網路實驗室 Dependable and Distributed Network Lab 2000~2003 Discipline HSN @NCTU 工研院交大網路測試中心 Network Benchmarking Lab 交大資科高速網路實驗室 High Speed Network Lab 利基網路 L7 Networks Benson Wu, 2005

  4. Research Security Security Gateway Benchmarking XML Firewall Anti-spyware Anti-spam Connectivity P2PGateway Web Services Digital Home Public interests… Open Source Dev. Textbook writing Mag. article writing Benson Wu, 2005

  5. Internet Evolution • Changes in Networking Technologies • Changes in Internet Users and Internet Applications • Changes in Security Accessories Benson Wu, 2005

  6. Changes in Internet Applications: Primitive Web becoming Web Services • Is Primitive Web enough? • When they are still newbie…they want to “join” • ALL Client-to-Server • When they become big enough…they want to “share” • Some Peer-to-Peer (P2P) • Some Server-to-Server (Web Services) Benson Wu, 2005

  7. Changes in Internet Users:from Browsing towards Clicking • Necessary services at one-click: Web Services • e.g. One-stop shopping • Necessary authentications at one-time: Single Sign-On • e.g. One-click cart/basket • Necessary confidentiality with higher-granularity: XML Enc. • e.g. Interleaved workflow Benson Wu, 2005

  8. Such changes are more like a reality… • Some numbers about P2P • 2 millions of Kuro users and 50.2% of teenagers (15~22) have visited either Kuro or EZPeer (創市際市場研究顧問公司, 2003/09) • Some NT$9.6 billions lost due to P2P sharing (資策會網路通訊雜誌, 2003/06) • Some numbers about Web Services… • 79% are evaluating (Accenture) • 52% are using or testing (TechMetrix) • 45.5% consider security to be the biggest obstacle (BusinessWeek) Benson Wu, 2005

  9. The Evolution of P2P: Darwinism Benson Wu, 2005

  10. 2004 P2P Popularity and User Rating Benson Wu, 2005

  11. Extending Client-Server to P2P:Its Problems and Solutions • Connectivity • Internet transparency? • How to connect resources successfully? • Sol: middleman (e.g. gatekeeper in H.323, broker in middleware, renderzvous node in JXTA) • Scalability • size? • How to locate MANY resources? • Sol: smart routing (make use of DHT) • time? • How to locate resources INSTANTLY? • Sol: Distributed hash table or DHT (resilience?) Benson Wu, 2005

  12. Extending Client-Server to Web Services:Its Problems and Solutions • What most XML firewall do? • How to manipulate only parts of a document? • Per-element XML encryption/signing • How to authenticate/authorize between more than two parties • Single-Sign On • How to assure the validity of Web Services’ action? • SOAP Schema validation • SOAP Digital Signature verification Benson Wu, 2005

  13. Changes in Threat:Volume and Impact • Security is tougher than ever • In volume: >600% • 137,529 reported incidents during 2003, which is more than 6 times of 2000 (CERT) • In impact: <10 minutes • SQL slammer (aka. Sapphire) happened to own the Internet in less than 10 minutes in 2003 Benson Wu, 2005

  14. A Remind of Legacy Security Measures • Access security • Firewall • Content Filter • Data security • Virtual Private Network (VPN) • System security • Intrusion Detection System (IDS) • Antivirus Benson Wu, 2005

  15. Technical Analysis: Issues • FW: must leave alone well-known ports, e.g. 80 • IDS: false alarm, new attack, correlation • AV: new virus, signatures, where (desktop or network), polymorphism • CF: false positives, false negatives • VPN: management overhead, interoperability Benson Wu, 2005

  16. Changes in Security: Perimeter, Depth and Granularity • Existing security measures that protect you • TCP/IP firewall: packet-level • Virtual Private Network (VPN): IP-level tunneling • Content filter: application-level • Intrusion Detection System (IDS): application-level • Antivirus: application-level • Situation had changed • Network perimeters have become less defined due to pervasive mobile devices (e.g. WLAN, PDA, etc.) • 80% of all attacks come from external parties, yet 80% of all security-related losses are due to remaining 20% of attacks • Increasing Depth • Stand-alone security measure  Integrated all-in-one approach • Demand for internal security is emerging (plus more applications and more users requiring higher bandwidth) • Finer Granularity • Packet-level  Application-level • Per-flow basis  Per-element basis Benson Wu, 2005

  17. Anti-spyware: What are we dealing? • Spyware • Definition: a generic term referring to a class of software programs that could violate and potentially jeopardize people privacy and security concerns • Examples: Gator, Cydoor, Aureate, Comet Cursor and Web3000 could be found in many free applications (Kazaa, Bearshare, iMesh and Limewire) • Read the EULA (End-user license agreement) • How serious? nearly 70% spyware penetration in campus environment (Saroiu et al., 2004) • Impact: • credit card numbers could be stolen • keystrokes could be captured • browser settings could be modified • users could be profiled • …following spyware often comes with Trojan, virus and worms Benson Wu, 2005

  18. Anti-spyware: Rootkits as an example • Definition: software that comprise tools to • erase traces of the intrusion from audit logs • have "backdoors" that allow easy access • hide the rootkit itself from administrators • Types: • User-mode rootkit • replacing system binaries with trojaned ones • Kernel-mode rootkit (with Linux Kernel Module support) • insert a module that overrides kernel syscalls • Runtime kernel patchings • writing to /dev/kmem (with or without the LKM support) • Tools for Rootkit Detection • Tripwire • AIDE (Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment) • Chkrootkit (~56 rootkits) Benson Wu, 2005

  19. Conclusions • Firewall • Application-aware filtering • Anti-spam • Single-sign on • IDS • IPS • VPN • SSL VPN • Anti-virus • Anti-spyware Benson Wu, 2005

  20. Many thanks for your time :) Benson Wu, 2005

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