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Gas Laws 14.4

Gas Laws 14.4. Dalton’s Law. The contribution each gas in a mixture makes to the total pressure is called the partial pressure exerted by that gas. Dalton’s Law. In a mixture of gases, the total pressure is the sum of the partial pressures of the gases. Dalton’s Law.

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Gas Laws 14.4

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  1. Gas Laws 14.4

  2. Dalton’s Law • The contribution each gas in a mixture makes to the total pressure is called the partial pressure exerted by that gas.

  3. Dalton’s Law • In a mixture of gases, the total pressure is the sum of the partial pressures of the gases.

  4. Dalton’s Law • Dalton’s law of partial pressures states that, at constant volume and temperature, the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases.

  5. Dalton’s Law • Three gases are combined in container T.

  6. Dalton’s Law • The partial pressure of oxygen must be 10.67 kPa or higher to support respiration in humans. The climber below needs an oxygen mask and a cylinder of compressed oxygen to survive.

  7. Graham’s Law • Graham’s Law • How does the molar mass of a gas affect the rate at which the gas effuses or diffuses?

  8. Graham’s Law • Diffusion is the tendency of molecules to move toward areas of lower concentration until the concentration is uniform throughout.

  9. Graham’s Law • Bromine vapor is diffusing upward through the air in a graduated cylinder.

  10. Graham’s Law • After several hours, the bromine has diffused almost to the top of the cylinder.

  11. Graham’s Law • During effusion, a gas escapes through a tiny hole in its container. • Gases of lower molar mass diffuse and effuse faster than gases of higher molar mass.

  12. Graham’s Law • Thomas Graham’s Contribution • Graham’slaw of effusion states that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the gas’s molar mass. This law can also be applied to the diffusion of gases.

  13. Graham’s Law • Comparing Effusion Rates • A helium filled balloon will deflate sooner than an air-filled balloon.

  14. Graham’s Law • Because the rate of effusion is related only to a particle’s speed, Graham’s law can be written as follows for two gases, A and B. (The gas with the least mass should be A)

  15. Graham’s Law • Helium effuses (and diffuses) nearly three times faster than nitrogen at the same temperature.

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