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The American Colonies

The American Colonies. WHY?. For what reasons did individuals come to America?. New England Colonies. Massachusetts (1620). Pilgrims (Plymouth) Separatists wanted to separate from the Anglican Church 1st Thanksgiving

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The American Colonies

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  1. The American Colonies

  2. WHY? For what reasons did individuals come to America?

  3. New England Colonies

  4. Massachusetts (1620) • Pilgrims (Plymouth) • Separatists • wanted to separate from the Anglican Church • 1st Thanksgiving • Mayflower Compact • 41 men drew up the agreement to outline fair and equal laws for the colony; signed on the Mayflower • 1620

  5. Massachusetts (1630) • Puritans • Purify and reform Anglican Church • Massachusetts Bay Colony • Strict religious beliefs; radical • John Winthrop “for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill, the eies of all people are uppon us; soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us” City Upon A Hill, 1630

  6. New Hampshire (1630) • John Mason • English and Scots-Irish settlers • Economic freedom • Settled for religious freedom • Escape for those constricted by harsh religious and economic rules of the Puritans • Royal Colony

  7. Rhode Island (1636) • Roger Williams • Exiled by Puritans in Mass. settled in Providence • Religious freedom • Trade • Connecticut (1636) • Thomas Hooker • Dutch (economic freedom) and English (religious freedom) • Asked to leave by Mass. • Agriculture and trade

  8. Middle Colonies

  9. New York (1626) • Peter Minuit • Dutch (Netherlands), taken over by English • Trade and profits • Anglican • Proprietary to royal colony • New Jersey (1660) • Lord Berkley • Established by Sweden became English • Agriculture, trade and profits • Proprietary to royal colony • Delaware (1638) • Peter Minuit • Dutch, Swedish and English • Farming, trade and profits • Proprietary

  10. Pennsylvania (1682) • William Penn • Proprietary • Home to many European Immigrants: Swedish, Dutch, English, Scots-Irish and German • Farming • Quakers • Equality and all possessed “Inner Light” • Pennsylvania

  11. Southern Colonies

  12. Virginia (1607) • Jamestown • 1st permanent settlement mostly males (indentured servants and treasure hunters) • 60/900 colonists survived • Ruled by John Smith • Founded by the Virginia Company • Joint-stock company: organized to raise money by selling stocks/shares to investors • Becomes royal House of Burgesses (1619)-22 representatives called burgesses met to outline laws for the colony

  13. Maryland (1634) George Calvert, Lord Baltimore Religious freedom for Catholics Established for trade, finding precious metals and to locate a water passage across the continent Farming Proprietary

  14. Maryland Act of Toleration • 1649 • Granted freedom of worship for all Catholics • Symbolic beginning of freedom of religion

  15. North Carolina (1653) • Group of proprietors: business venture • Settlers from Virginia • Farming, trade and profit • Anglican • South Carolina (1670) • Group of proprietors • Settlers from France, English, Africans and Irish • Food crops • Anglican • Proprietary to royal • Georgia (1733) • General James Oglethorpe • Spanish settlements taken by English • Debtors and convicts protect colonies from Spanish and French invasions • Slow economic growth farmed, harvested lumber and traded furs

  16. The Charter of Carolina 1663

  17. Discrimination • African Americans • Free • Slaves • Native Americans • Pushed off land by westward settlers

  18. Religious Tolerance • Roger Williams Providence, RI • Pennsylvania • English Quakers • German Lutherans • Scotch-Irish Presbyterians • Swiss Mennonites • New York linguistic and cultural diversity • First synagogue

  19. Colonial Economy

  20. Economic Diversity: -South= Agriculture -North = Commerce -Towns and cities develop along water

  21. Commerce and Immigrants (New England) • Port cities • Boston • Immigrant population increases due to religious freedom and economic opportunities (German, Scotch-Irish, Dutch) • More towns in North than Southern colonies • Use town meetings to govern

  22. New England Colonies • Shipbuilding • Fishing • Smaller farms self-sufficient

  23. Middle Colonies’ Economy • Diverse in people and business • Less slaves • Shops, homes and farms

  24. Middle Colonies’ Economy • Farming • Wheat, barley, rye • Commerce • Access to water • Shipping overseas • New York and Philadelphia

  25. Southern Economy • John Rolfe and tobacco • Virginia, Maryland, NC • Plantations develop • Need for labor • Indentured servants • Agree to work for landowner • 4-7 years • slavery

  26. Southern Plantation Systems • Exported cash crops to make money • Creates: (1) Large farms around rivers (2) Need for lots of labor (3) Wealthy class of plantation owners

  27. Slave Trade • First slaves were captured Native Americans • African slave trade flourished by 1700s • Slaves endured a harsh voyage: Middle Passage • Widespread use in Southern colonies

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