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Recognizing and Identifying the Hazards

3. Recognizing and Identifying the Hazards. 3. Objectives (1 of 5). Describe occupancies that may contain hazardous materials. Understand how to use senses to detect the presence of hazardous materials. Describe specific container shapes/types that may indicate hazardous materials. 3.

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Recognizing and Identifying the Hazards

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  1. 3 Recognizing and Identifying the Hazards

  2. 3 Objectives(1 of 5) • Describe occupancies that may contain hazardous materials. • Understand how to use senses to detect the presence of hazardous materials. • Describe specific container shapes/types that may indicate hazardous materials.

  3. 3 Objectives(2 of 5) • Describe shipping and storage tanks that could hold hazardous materials. • Describe apparatuses that can transport hazardous materials. • Identify product, owner, and emergency telephone number on a pipeline marker.

  4. 3 Objectives(3 of 5) • Describe how to identify a placard, label, and marking. • Describe the NFPA 704 hazard identification system. • Describe how to use the Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG).

  5. 3 Objectives(4 of 5) • Describe how to use the Fire Fighter’s Handbook of Hazardous Materials. • Describe material safety data sheets (MSDS) and shipping papers. • Describe CHEMTREC and the National Response Center.

  6. 3 Objectives(5 of 5) • Describe how to identify criminal or terrorist activity involving chemical, biological, or radiological agents. • Describe how to identify an illicit laboratory, as well as explosive and secondary devices.

  7. 3 Scene Size-Up • “Read” the scene. • Truly understand what you see. • Think before you act.

  8. 3 Recognizing a Hazardous Materials/WMD Incident • Different from other types of emergencies • Moves more slowly • Chemicals or materials largely dictate actions • Responders must be conscious of the law enforcement aspect of the incident

  9. 3 Occupancy and Location • Indicate possible presence of hazardous material • Materials at location may already be known • Locate key safety personnel from facility

  10. 3 Senses • Initially, stay distant from incident. • Look. • Listen. • Do not “lead with your nose.”

  11. 3 Containers • Vessels or receptacles that hold material • Provide clues about the substance inside

  12. 3 Drums(1 of 2) • Barrel-like nonbulk storage vessels • Store a wide variety of substances • 55-gallon capacity is common • Cardboard, polyethylene, stainless steel, other materials

  13. 3 Drums(2 of 2) The drum shown here is made of polyethylene.

  14. 3 Dewar Containers(1 of 2) • Hold cold liquids • Designed to preserve temperature of liquid

  15. 3 Dewar Containers(2 of 2) A series of Dewar containers stored adjacent to a compressed gas cylinder.

  16. 3 Bulk Storage Containers • Over 119 gallons (liquid) • More than 882 pounds (bulk) • Include: • Fixed tanks • Highway cargo tanks • Rail tank cars • Totes

  17. 3 Secondary Containment • Helps contain spilled or released product

  18. 3 Large-Volume Horizontal Tanks • Above-ground storage tanks (ASTs) • Underground storage tanks (USTs) • May contain millions of gallons

  19. 3 Totes(1 of 2) • Intermediate bulk container (IBC ) • Capacity from 119 to 703 gallons • Hazardous to ship and store

  20. 3 Totes(2 of 2) A tote is a commonly encountered bulk storage vessel.

  21. 3 Intermodal Tanks(1 of 5) • For both shipping and storage • Hold between 5000 and 6000 gallons • Pressurized or nonpressurized • Can contain liquefied gases (cryogenic liquids)

  22. 3 Intermodal Tanks(2 of 5) IM-101 portable tank (IMO type 1 internationally).

  23. 3 Intermodal Tanks (3 of 5) IM-102 portable tank (IMO type 2 internationally).

  24. 3 Intermodal Tanks (4 of 5) Pressure intermodal tank (IMO type 5 internationally).

  25. 3 Intermodal Tanks (5 of 5) • Other types of IM tanks • Cryogenic intermodal tanks (IMO type 7 internationally) • Tube modules

  26. 3 Nonbulk Storage Vessels (1 of 6) • Contain up to 119 gallons • Include: • Drums • Bags • Compressed gas cylinders • Cryogenic containers

  27. 3 Nonbulk Storage Vessels (2 of 6) A bung wrench is used to operate the openings on the top of a closed-head drum.

  28. 3 Nonbulk Storage Vessels (3 of 6) An open-head drum has a lid that is fastened with a ring that is tightened with a clasp or a nut-and-bolt assembly.

  29. 3 Nonbulk Storage Vessels (4 of 6) A pesticide bag must be labeled with the appropriate information.

  30. 3 Nonbulk Storage Vessels (5 of 6) A carboy is used to transport and store corrosive chemicals.

  31. 3 Nonbulk Storage Vessels (6 of 6) A small cryogenic Dewar container.

  32. 3 Transporting Hazardous Materials • Air, sea, and land • Most common method is by roadway • A cargo tank is: • Bulk packaging attached to/part of a vehicle • Separate from vehicle, but unloaded without being removed from vehicle

  33. 3 MC-306/DOT 406 Flammable Liquid Tanker(1 of 2) • Liquid food-grade products • Gasoline • Other flammable and combustible liquids • 6000 to 10,000 gallons • Nonpressurized • Remote emergency shut-off valves

  34. 3 MC-306/DOT 406 Flammable Liquid Tanker(2 of 2) The MC-306/DOT 406 flammable liquid tanker typically hauls flammable and combustible liquids.

  35. 3 MC-307/DOT 407 Chemical Hauler (1 of 2) • Flammable liquids • Mild corrosives • Poisons • 6000 to 7000 gallons

  36. 3 MC-307/DOT 407 Chemical Hauler (2 of 2) The MC-307/DOT 407 chemical hauler carries flammable liquids, mild corrosives, and poisons.

  37. 3 MC-312/DOT 412 Corrosives Tanker (1 of 2) • Smaller diameter than MC-306/DOT 406 or MC-307/DOT 407 • Capacity of approximately 6000 gallons • Carries corrosives, such as: • Concentrated sulfuric acid • Phosphoric acid • Sodium hydroxide

  38. 3 MC-312/DOT 412 Corrosives Tanker(2 of 2) The MC-312/DOT 412 corrosives tanker is commonly used to carry corrosives such as concentrated sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and sodium hydroxide.

  39. 3 MC-331 Pressure Cargo Tanker(1 of 2) • Carries materials such as ammonia, propane, Freon, and butane • 1000 to 11,000 gallons • Explosion threat exists • Spring-loaded relief valves unable to keep up with rapidly building internal pressure

  40. 3 MC-331 Pressure Cargo Tanker(2 of 2) The MC-331 pressure cargo tanker carries materials such as ammonia, propane, Freon, and butane.

  41. 3 MC-338 Cryogenic Tanker (1 of 2) • Maintains low temperatures for cryogens • Vents puffs of white vapor (normal) • Explosion hazard with incorrect valve operation

  42. 3 MC-338 Cryogenic Tanker (2 of 2) The MC-338 cryogenic tanker maintains the low temperatures required for the cryogens it carries.

  43. 3 Tube Trailer (1 of 2) • Compressed gases, such as: • Hydrogen • Oxygen • Helium • Methane

  44. 3 Tube Trailer(2 of 2) A tube trailer is made up of several individual cylinders banded together and affixed to a trailer.

  45. 3 Dry Bulk Cargo Tank(1 of 2) • Powders • Pellets • Fertilizers • Grain

  46. 3 Dry Bulk Cargo Tank(2 of 2) A dry bulk cargo tank carries dry goods.

  47. 3 Railroad Transportation • Relatively few hazardous materials incidents • But can cause large-scale emergencies • Get information on contents from conductor/engineer or from tank labels

  48. 3 Nonpressurized (General-Service) Rail Tank Car(1 of 2) • General industrial chemicals • Corn syrup • Flammable and combustible liquids • Mild corrosives • 4000 to 40,000 gallons

  49. 3 Nonpressurized (General-Service) Rail Tank Car(2 of 2) A nonpressurized rail tank has visible valves and piping.

  50. 3 Pressurized Rail Tank Car (1 of 2) • Carries pressurized industrial chemicals • Propane • Ammonia • Ethylene oxide • Chlorine • Potential for high-pressure leaks

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